How many more polymorphs of ROY remain undiscovered?

With 12 crystal forms, 5-methyl-2-[(2-nitrophenyl) amino]-3-thiophenecabonitrile (a.k.a. ROY) holds the current record for the largest number of fully characterized organic crystal polymorphs. Four of these polymorphs were discovered or characterized since 2019,...

Representation by sums of unlike powers

It is proved that all sufficiently large integers n can be represented as n = x 1 2 + x 2 3 + ⋯ + x 13 14 , n=x_{1}^{2}+x_{2}^{3}+\cdots+x_{13}^{14}, where x 1 , … , x 13 {x_{1},\ldots,x_{13}} are positive integers. This improves upon the current record with fourteen variables in place of thirteen.

A record of Ourapteryx dierli Inoue, 1994 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae) from the Garhwal Himalaya, India

The current record of Ourapterya dierli Inoue,1994 (Lepidoptera: Geometriidae: Ennominae) from Garhwal Himalaya, India further extends the western most limit in the distribution range of this species in the Himalaya, up to Chakrata hills which is 250km from the nearest known earlier record from Munsiyari in Kumaon,India and is the first record from Garhwal and second of this species from India.

Asteraceae Diversity and A New Record For Java at Citalahab Village, Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park

Asteraceae is the second largest plant family in the world. The family member has reached 227 species in Java. However, there is no current record of wild Asteraceae around local village within Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park. This study is to provide current Asteraceae species data and the threat for the conservation area. Explorative method has been conducted in 6 sites. The result shows that there are 20 species found with the tribes composition are 8 Heliantheae, 6 Eupatorieae, 3 Senecioneae, 1 Astereae, 1 Cichorieae, and 1 new record Vernonieae in Java. Key identification for species are provided and the new record has been described. Most species categorized as introduced with several other categorized as invasive alien species. In conclusion, numbers of Asteraceae family has been recorded with some potential ivansive threat in Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park. Regular population control and treatment are recommended in order to protect native species in the conservation area.

A Celtic gold stater from the vicinity of Radoboj (Croatia)

Around 1840, a gold coin was discovered near Radoboj (northwestern Croatia), a Celtic imitation of a gold stater of Alexander III of type Athena/Nike. In 2019, during archaeological excavation of the Roman temple at Frauenberg, near Leibnitz (Austria), two imitations of staters of the same type were excavated. Of these, one coin was minted with the same dies for obverse and reverse as the coin from Radoboj, which undoubtedly testifies to minting in the same mint. In the area of north-western Croatia and eastern Slovenia, four other Athena/Nike staters can be documented at four other sites. To date, 83 Athena/Nike imitations have been discovered in Central Europe, of which 32 coins originate from 26 sites. Seven coins from six sites in the area south of the middle course of the Mura and Drava rivers therefore significantly complement the current record of finds of these earliest Celtic coin finds in Central Europe. At the same time, it proves that the minting of this group of imitations can be attributed to the local Celtic tribes sometime in the middle of the 3rd century BC.

A novel initiative on vertical-axis underwater turbine suitable for low underwater current velocities

The present paper discusses efforts made to reinvent the use of the vertical-axis turbine for use in locations of low underwater current velocities. The present work targets the low flow current of the sub-Saharan ocean system, which has an underwater current record of around 0.3 m/s and a sea state that is mild, benign and with little or no local storms. The present initiative is achieved through a combination of ducting techniques to increase velocity of flow, and the utilisation of a large surface contact area exposed to flowing water per unit of time. Torque estimations are made using three methods: first principle, SolidWorks computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software and physical measurement. The lowest power coefficient for the tested model is computed from SolidWorks CFD software as 0.70. Existing state-of-the-art underwater current power technologies are reviewed and the present initiative described. A future for ocean water current technology in sub-Saharan Africa is also proposed.

Euclid preparation

We provide predictions of the yield of 7 < z < 9 quasars from the Euclid wide survey, updating the calculation presented in the Euclid Red Book in several ways. We account for revisions to the Euclid near-infrared filter wavelengths; we adopt steeper rates of decline of the quasar luminosity function (QLF; Φ) with redshift, Φ ∝ 10k(z − 6), k = −0.72, and a further steeper rate of decline, k = −0.92; we use better models of the contaminating populations (MLT dwarfs and compact early-type galaxies); and we make use of an improved Bayesian selection method, compared to the colour cuts used for the Red Book calculation, allowing the identification of fainter quasars, down to JAB ∼ 23. Quasars at z > 8 may be selected from Euclid OYJH photometry alone, but selection over the redshift interval 7 < z < 8 is greatly improved by the addition of z-band data from, e.g., Pan-STARRS and LSST. We calculate predicted quasar yields for the assumed values of the rate of decline of the QLF beyond z = 6. If the decline of the QLF accelerates beyond z = 6, with k = −0.92, Euclid should nevertheless find over 100 quasars with 7.0 < z < 7.5, and ∼25 quasars beyond the current record of z = 7.5, including ∼8 beyond z = 8.0. The first Euclid quasars at z > 7.5 should be found in the DR1 data release, expected in 2024. It will be possible to determine the bright-end slope of the QLF, 7 < z < 8, M1450 < −25, using 8 m class telescopes to confirm candidates, but follow-up with JWST or E-ELT will be required to measure the faint-end slope. Contamination of the candidate lists is predicted to be modest even at JAB ∼ 23. The precision with which k can be determined over 7 < z < 8 depends on the value of k, but assuming k = −0.72 it can be measured to a 1σ uncertainty of 0.07.

Unions and equality: 50 years on from the fight for fair pay at Dagenham

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review historical and contemporary union driven advances in gender and race equality within the movement and the workplace in order to show how far unions have come in the last 50 years, but also to identify continuing equality deficits.Design/methodology/approachAs well as reviewing extant literature in order to provide historical background, the paper draws upon original analysis of the series of biennial TUC Equality Audits, the latest SERTUC equality survey and interviews with national union officers responsible for equality in large-, medium- and small-sized unions.FindingsOver the last 50 years, unions have made considerable progress in representing women both in leadership and democratic structures as well as in the workplace bargaining and consultative arena. However, BAME members remain underrepresented in both domains. A hostile socio-economic/political context threatens to hinder further progress.Research limitations/implicationsIt is quite clear that the authors cannot assess unions’ current record on equality by reference only to outcomes and benefits of big set-piece organisation, industry or sector negotiations. Future research could usefully explore in more depth unions’ qualitative contribution to workplace equality practices in context of challenges in the internal and external environments.Practical implicationsUnions need to step up commitment to integrating equality into the bargaining agenda. They also need to continue investing in campaigning activities and identify ways of making successful outcomes more visible within the union, to members and to non-unionised workers. Workplace unions need to develop strategies to confront the fact that strong equality policies do not necessarily translate into good workplace practices.Originality/valueThe paper provides a long-term evaluation of union progress on equality within the movement itself and the workplace.

Demodex melesinus (Acariformes: Demodecidae) – the forgotten European badger parasite, rediscovered after 100 years

Among 15 demodecid mite species (Acariformes: Demodecidae) recorded from carnivorans Carnivora, 3 species were described from mustelids Mustelidae. They are known only from single records, for which Demodex erminae has been described from the stoat Mustela erminea from Great Britain and New Zealand, D. melesinus from the European badger Meles meles known solely from Great Britain and D. lutrae discovered in the Eurasian otter Lutra lutra from Poland. The current record confirms the existence of D. melesinus, in badger from Poland, after close to one hundred years from its original description, as well as the first detection of the male for this species.