Characterization of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) genotypes for growth, flowering characters and yield

The study was carried out on thirty genotypes of Chrysanthemum at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during 2019 and 2020 to characterize for growth, flowering characters and yield. The results revealed that maximum days to first flower bud were recorded in genotype Bicolor Aruba (62.1 and 62.2) and minimum in Orange Dazzle (51.5 and 50.7 days). Minimum days to first flower opening were recorded in Pusa Sona (68.6 and 63.8) while maximum in Star white (94.9 and 95.3 days). Maximum duration of flowering was observed in Star Yellow (84.0 and 82.9) while minimum in Pusa Aditya (25.0 and 24.9). Pusa Chitraksha recorded maximum (189.3 and 186.76) number of buds per plant and minimum in Orange Dazzle (14.7 and 13.6). Number of flowers per plant was recorded maximum in Pusa Chitraksha (174.8 and 172.5) and minimum in Golden Beauty (10.1 and 10.4). Size of flower was exhibited maximum in Star White (11.1 and 11.2) and minimum in Green Button Lorenzo (3.2 and 3.0). Flower yield/plant was found maximum in Pusa Guldata (311.7 and 289.3g) and minimum in Bicolor Aruba (12.0 and 10.9g). Flower yield was found maximum in Pusa Guldata (25.98 and 24.11 t ha-1) and minimum in Bicolor Aruba (10.03 and 9.04 t ha-1) during 2019 and 2020 respectively. Pusa Guldata genotype performed best in respect of flower yield.

Effect of bio-fertilizers on foliage and floral traits of chrysanthemum cv Little Pink

Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora) is a leading commercial flower crop from asteraceae family grown for cut and loose flowers and also as a pot plant. It is preferred practically due to vast range of shapes and size of flowers, brilliance of colour tones, long lasting floret life, diversity of height and growth habit of the plant, especially hardy nature, relative ease to grow all the year round and versatility of use. Biofertilizers are the multiplied live cells of beneficial strains of micro-organism, are used as biological nitrogen fixers, Phosphate solubilizing, and also used for mineralization of nitrogen and transformation of several elements like sulphur and iron etc. into available forms. The present investigation was conducted at the Horticulture experimental field of Janta College, Bakewar in Complete Randomize Design with 4 treatments and 4 replications. Observations were recorded for vegetative and floral traits upon various biofertilizers treatments viz., T1: Control, T2: (FYM 50% + Soil 50% + 2gm PSB @Per pot), T3 : (FYM 50% + Soil 50% + 2gm Azotobacter @Per pot) and T4: (FYM 50% + Soil 50% + 1gm PSB + 1g Azotobacter@Per pot).

Responses of mixed light-emitting diode ratios on vegetative, flower regulation, and stalk elongation of cut chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev)

A Greenhouse experiment on the study of responses of mixed light-emitting diode ratios in cut chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) was conducted at the Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during 2019-20. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The treatment comprises of seven varied light-emitting diode irradiance levels viz., L1 – 100% White; L2 – 100% Red; L3 - 80% Red + 20% Blue; L4 – 80% Red + 20% Far-red; L5 – 75% Blue + 25% Far-red; L6 – 60% Red + 20% Blue + 20% Far-red; L7 - High pressure sodium vapour lamp (as check) in Salvador and Pusa Centenary varieties. The results revealed that the growth in terms of height of the chrysanthemum at critical stages was maximum (48.88 cm in Salvador and 41.92 cm in Pusa Centenary) under the light irradiance of B75FR25 (L5) during the peak vegetative stage and registered maximum leaf area. Highest internodal length up to 3rd leaf of 1.07 cm was registered in sodium vapour lamp irradiance (L7) and 1.39 cm in 100% Red irradiance (L2). The early flower bud emergence (39 days in Salvador and 50 days in Pusa Centenary) was observed in B75Fr25 spectral irradiance (L5). The highest total cut stem yield per square meter (42.65 in Salvador and 41.99 in Pusa Centenary) was registered in R80B20. The study revealed that blue LEDs combined with Far-red promoted early flowering and inhibited stem elongations. Red and Blue wavelength increased the total leaf area and registered improved flower yield.

Os EXTRATOS VEGETAIS AQUOSOS PARA O TRATAMENTO DE SEMENTES DE CÁRTAMO

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de cártamo (Carthamus tinctorius L.) tratadas com diferentes extratos vegetais aquosos. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em fatorial 2x10 (dois lotes de sementes e dez combinações de extratos vegetais aquosos e concentrações), com quatro repetições. Os lotes de sementes de cártamo são provientes do campo (Lote A) e da estufa (Lote B), na safra 2016/2017, após serem colhidos foram armazenados em câmara fria, com grau de umidade médio de 9,0%. Os extratos aquosos foram elaborados a partir de folhas de cinamomo (Melia azedarach L.), crisântemo (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) e tagetes (Tagetes erecta L.), nas concentrações de zero (testemunha), 1%, 5% e 10% na proporção massa/volume (g de folhas frescas 100 mL-1 água destilada). Avaliaram-se as qualidades fisiológica e sanitária pelos testes padrão de germinação, comprimento e massa de plântulas, emergência e sanidade. Conclui-se que a aplicação dos extratos vegetais aquosos como tratamento de sementes de cártamo foi benéfica para o controle patógenos sobre as mesmas, incrementando seu potencial de germinação e de emergência no campo.

Bacterial Leaf Blight Disease (Pseudomonas cichorii (Swingle 1925) (STAPP 1928) in Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) and Its Control) in Indonesia

<p>Bacterial leaf blight caused by Pseudomonas cichorii is a major disease in chrysanthemum plants almost all over the world. In Indonesia, this pathogen can cause damage to chrysanthemum 10- 60%. Bacteria spread from one plant to another through water droplets from modern irrigation networks as well as conventional irrigation. P. cichorii is a polyphagic pathogen, which infects succulents and others across continents with varying incidence. Symptoms of transmission of this pathogen in each type of plant are always different, and effective control methods have not been found. This article discusses the virulence of pathogens, the incidence of transmission, and recommendations for controlling bacterial leaf blight on chrysanthemums in Indonesia. A search of various references from within and outside the country shows that P. cichorii can be controlled by combining several methods, namely (a) the use of tolerant varieties (Puspita Nusantara, Puspa Kania, Dwina Kencana, Dwina Pelangi, Pasopati, Paras Ratu, and Wastu Kania), (b) technical culture (extracting infected leaves and watering in the morning), and (c) application of synthetic chemical bactericides with active ingredients of hydrogen peroxide and peroxyacetic acid, or biopesticides with active bacterial isolates of the antagonistic bacteria Bacillus subtilis MI600, and B. amyloliquefaciens IN937, and combination of P. fluorescens Pf Irana with Pf Slada-2.</p><p>Keywords: Chrysanthemum, P. chicorii, bacterial leaf blight disease, epidemiology, control</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p><strong>PENYAKIT HAWAR DAUN BAKTERI (Pseudomonas cichorii (Swingle 1925) (STAPP 1928) PADA TANAMAN KRISAN (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) DAN UPAYA PENGENDALIANNYA DI INDONESIA</strong></p><p>Hawar daun bakteri yang disebabkan oleh Pseudomonas cichorii merupakan penyakit utama pada tanaman krisan hampir di seluruh penjuru dunia. Di Indonesia, patogen ini dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada tanaman krisan 10-60%. Bakteri menyebar dari satu tanaman ke tanaman lain melalui tetesan air dari jaringan irigasi modern maupun penyiraman konvensional. P. cichorii merupakan patogen yang bersifat polifag, yang menginfeksi tanaman sukulen dan lainnya di seluruh benua dengan insidensi bervariasi. Gejala penularan patogen ini pada setiap jenis tanaman selalu berbeda, dan belum ditemukan metode pengendalian yang efektif. Artikel ini membahas virulenitas patogen, insidensi penularan, dan rekomendasi pengendalian hawar daun bakteri pada tanaman krisan di Indonesia. Penelusuran dari berbagai referensi dari dalam dan luar negeri menunjukkan P. cichorii dapat dikendalikan dengan memadukan beberapa metode, yaitu (a) penggunaan varietas toleran (Puspita Nusantara, Puspa Kania, Dwina Kencana, Dwina Pelangi, Pasopati, Paras Ratu, dan Wastu Kania), (b) kultur teknis (perompesan daun terinfeksi dan penyiraman pada pagi hari), serta (c) aplikasi bakterisida kimia sintetik berbahan aktif hydrogen peroxide dan peroxyacetic acid, atau biopestisida berbahan aktif isolat bakteri antagonis Bacillus subtilis MI600, dan B. amyloliquefaciens IN937, serta kombinasi P. fluorescens Pf Irana dengan Pf Slada-2.</p><p>Kata kunci: Krisan, P. chicorii, bakteri hawar daun, epidemiologi, pengendalian.</p>