ENHANCEMENT OF PRODUCTION BY LEAN MANUFACTURING METHOD

The thesis proposes a method for introducing lean manufacturing using string diagram in an operating CNG high pressure storage tank manufacturing job shop at Jayfe Cylinder Ltd. Haryana. By applying lean manufacturing using process layout diagram to produce part families with similar manufacturing processes and stable demand, plants expect to reduce costs and lead-times and improve quality and delivery performance. The thesis outlines a method for assessing, designing, and implementing lean manufacturing using process layout diagram, and illustrates this process with an example. A manufacturing cell that produces high pressure steel tank container for commercial & automobile customers is implemented at cylinder tank Machining Centers. The conclusion of the thesis highlights the key lessons learned from this process.

A Review on Advanced Manufacturing for Hydrogen Storage Applications

Hydrogen is a notoriously difficult substance to store yet has endless energy applications. Thus, the study of long-term hydrogen storage, and high-pressure bulk hydrogen storage have been the subject of much research in the last several years. To create a research path forward, it is important to know what research has already been done, and what is already known about hydrogen storage. In this review, several approaches to hydrogen storage are addressed, including high-pressure storage, cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage, and metal hydride absorption. Challenges and advantages are offered based on reported research findings. Since the project looks closely at advanced manufacturing, techniques for the same are outlined as well. There are seven main categories into which most rapid prototyping styles fall. Each is briefly explained and illustrated as well as some generally accepted advantages and drawbacks to each style. An overview of hydrogen adsorption on metal hydrides, carbon fibers, and carbon nanotubes are presented. The hydrogen storage capacities of these materials are discussed as well as the differing conditions in which the adsorption was performed under. Concepts regarding storage shape and materials accompanied by smaller-scale advanced manufacturing options for hydrogen storage are also presented.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMBINED RESERVOIR OF MIXTURE OF TECHNICAL COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS AS COMPONENT OF ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION TECHNOLOGY

In this study the development, analysis and description of the sche­me of environment protection technology for the oil storage were carried out. The proposed scheme is provided for the utilization of vapors of technical combustible liquids stored at the enterprise, namely diesel fuel, gasoline and motor oil, formed during the manifestation of the phenomena of small and large reservoir breathing in significant quantities. Set of initial data and the mass hour­ly emission of such vapors into the en­vironment were obtained according to an improved approach. Development of a high-pressure storage reser­voir for such vapors as the executive device of environmental protection technology for the oil storage according to an improved approach was carried out. Parameters of the reciprocating compressor, which distills the mixture of such vapors from the low-pressure storage reservoir to the high-pressure sto­rage reservoir, compressing them, was selected. Calculation of the reservoir wall thickness ba­sed on the theory of strength of closed solid shells was carried out taking into account the mechanical properties of the wall material, namely steel 60, and the value of the pressure of the gaseous fluid in it. Magnitudes of weight of the deve­loped reservoir and the cost of materials for its manufacture were determinated. Design of a combined reservoir for the ac­cu­mu­lation of a volley of a mixture of such vapors with a system of intermediate cooling of the mixture after its compression by a reciprocating compressor and the pos­sibility of heating the condensate in the reservoir was de­ve­loped.

Validation of Selected Optical Methods for Assessing Polyethylene (PE) Liners Used in High Pressure Vessels for Hydrogen Storage

A polyethylene (PE) liner is the basic element in high-pressure type 4 composite vessels designed for hydrogen or compressed natural gas (CNG) storage systems. Liner defects may result in the elimination of the whole vessel from use, which is very expensive, both at the manufacturing and exploitation stage. The goal is, therefore, the development of efficient non-destructive testing (NDT) methods to test a liner immediately after its manufacturing, before applying a composite reinforcement. It should be noted that the current regulations, codes and standards (RC&S) do not specify liner testing methods after manufacturing. It was considered especially important to find a way of locating and assessing the size of air bubbles and inclusions, and the field of deformations in liner walls. It was also expected that these methods would be easily applicable to mass-produced liners. The paper proposes the use of three optical methods, namely, visual inspection, digital image correlation (DIC), and optical fiber sensing based on Bragg gratings (FBG). Deformation measurements are validated with finite element analysis (FEA). The tested object was a prototype of a hydrogen liner for high-pressure storage (700 bar). The mentioned optical methods were used to identify defects and measure deformations.

Hypobaric Storage of Representative Root, Leaf, Fruit, and Flower Tissues: Comparisons to Storage at Atmospheric Pressure and Normoxia

Hypobaric or low-pressure storage (LPS) is a technology that has been reported to have significant potential to preserve fresh produce quality. However, excessive moisture loss has often been erroneously reported to limit the utility of LPS. We report on hypobaric (1.6 to 2.0 kPa) storage of representative bulky and leafy fruits and vegetables {strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duchesne ex Rozier) fruit, carrot [Daucus carota subsp. sativus (Hoffm.) Arcang.] roots, spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves, and rose (Rosa ×hybrida ‘Attaché Pink’) flowers} using a laboratory-scale LPS and provide data on the regulation of humidity and temperature and describe effects on moisture loss and quality. The LPS achieved near saturation (>99.5%) of water without condensation on the chamber sidewalls. This required tight regulation of the chamber wall temperature (2.2 °C ± 0.15 °C) and careful control of the flux of air into the chamber. The rate of moisture loss was unaffected by the pressure of the storage atmosphere; however, it was affected by commodity, being lower for strawberry than for carrot or spinach, and averaging 0.08%, 0.40%, and 0.35% per day, respectively (average of normal and low pressure combined). Moisture loss of long-stemmed rose in LPS averaged 0.071% per day over an 8-week storage period. Although moisture loss was low, the LPS environment appeared to enhance water loss from deeper within plant tissues than storage at atmospheric pressure and, in roses, resulted in bent neck 2 or 3 days after removal from storage after 3 weeks. For this reason, LPS did not benefit storability of cut ‘Attaché Pink’ roses compared with high-humidity chambers maintained at atmospheric pressure.

Continued Study on the Effect of Mean Stress on Ground Storage Vessels for Hydrogen Fueling

The use of high pressure vessels for the purpose of storing gaseous fuels for land based transportation application is becoming common. Fuels such as natural gas and hydrogen are currently being stored at high pressure for use in fueling stations. This paper will investigate the use of various levels of autofrettage in high pressure storage cylinders and its effects on the life of a vessel used for hydrogen storage. Unlike many high-pressure vessels, the life is controlled by fatigue when cycled between a high pressure near the design pressure and a lower pressure due to the emptying of the content of the vessels. There are many misunderstandings regarding the need for cyclic life assessment in storage vessels and the impact that hydrogen has on that life. Some manufacturers are currently producing vessels using ASME Section VIII Division 1 to avoid the requirements for evaluation of cylinders in cyclic service. There are currently rules being considered in all of ASME Section VIII Division 1 and Division 2, and even potentially for Appendix 8 of ASME Section X. Recommendations on updating the ASME codes will be considered in this report.