On thermoelastic deformation of a transversally isotropic medium in 3D construction printing

A three-dimensional dynamic model of a thermoelastic transversely isotropic medium is used to describe the thermoelastic deformation of materials with anisotropy of elastic properties with a selected direction of anisotropy. Such materials are layered and composite materials used in construction, mechanical engineering, aircraft and shipbuilding, soils in permafrost conditions, glaciers, as well as rocks (basalt, sandstone, marble, limestone, shale, and others). The study of this model, in particular, is relevant in connection with the use of 3D printers in construction. This is due to the fact that it is necessary to select the heating mode of the 3D printer head, in which cracks will not form during the cooling of the polystyrene concrete layers.We study this model using the group analysis methods, which is one of the most powerful and effective tools for obtaining exact solutions. The group stratification of the system of second-order differential equations defining this model is carried out. A system of first-order differential equations is obtained, which is equivalent to the equations of the original model. The solution describing a traveling wave for this system is obtained, that depends on arbitrary elements: parameters and function. For the specific sets of these elements, we study a deformation of a sphere and cube located inside a thermoelastic transversely isotropic medium with increasing time is found. The corresponding graphs are given.

Measuring the Continuity of a Gas-Liquid Flow in a Pipeline

The principles of building a meter for the continuity of gas-liquid flows in pipelines have been proposed, based on the polarized electromagnetic wave characteristics. A two-component flow in a pipeline has been analyzed considering the cross-sectional area of the flow in the pipeline. The judgment about the flow continuity by the phase difference between the electromagnetic fields polarized parallel and perpendicular to the wave propagation direction has been justified. The naturally and artificially anisotropic flow continuity measuring study results are given. A polarization technique of electromagnetic wave birefringence in the isotropic medium has been considered, based on placing an isotropic medium in an electric field formed by two capacitor electrodes. The possibility of eliminating the parameter measuring errors induced by temperature impact on the electromagnetic wave refractive index in controlled media is shown based on two electrodes of a capacitor creating an electric field in the dielectric pipeline measuring section as an option for implementing flat reflectors of an open resonator. The study results can be used in the instrument-making industry in the development and implementation of smart contactless measuring instruments in the gas-liquid flow analysis and control.

Experimental Investigation on Organic Matter Orientation Characteristics of Terrestrial and Marine Shale in China

As an essential component in shale, OM (organic matter) grains and their arrangements may play essential roles in affecting the anisotropy of the reservoir. However, OM grains are commonly treated as an evenly distributed isotropic medium in current studies, and few works have been done to investigate their detailed arrangement characteristics. In this study, terrestrial and marine shale samples were collected from three different shale plays in China, and the arrangement characteristics of OM grains in each sample were investigated by SEM (scanning electron microscope) image analysis. The results indicate that OM grains in shale are not evenly distributed in isotropic medium, and their directional alignment is pervasive in both marine and terrestrial shale. OM grains in shale tend to subparallel to the bedding section, and their orientation degree and controlling factors differ among different shales. OM grains in samples from terrestrial C-7(Chang-7 Formation) exhibit the strongest directionality in their arrangement, and OM grains in samples from marine LMX (Longmaxi Formation) shale in the Fuling area also exhibit strong directional alignment. While in samples from marine LMX shale in the Baojing area, their directional alignment is much weaker. Shales with high clay content, high TOC (total organic carbon), low thermal maturity, and flat reservoir structure get more OM grains parallel to the bedding section. The biogenetic texture of graptolite in marine LMX shale is the dominating factor leading to the strong directional alignment of the OM grains. However, syncline structure may disorganize the preformed directional alignment and weaken the directionality of the OM grains, which results in the OM arrangement difference between LMX samples from Fuling and Baojing. While the compaction of the layered clay particles is the dominating mechanism leading to the strong directional alignment of the OM grains in terrestrial shale samples from C-7.

Correction to: Memory-dependent derivative approach onmagneto-thermoelastic transversely isotropic medium with two temperatures

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.