Od nagrania do korpusu, czyli o metodzie archiwizowania języka mówionego mieszkańców wsi z wykorzystaniem narzędzi lingwistyki cyfrowej

The article presents the method of archiving of the rural speech during the development of the electronic language corpus. Attention is focused on how to get spoken data and transcription of non-standard dialect code. It also presents the problems and limitations resulting from nonnormative spoken data and the solutions applied. The recording and converting of spoken language data for corpus is a complex and multi-phase process. The data is obtained from recorded interviews with respondents. The developed system of spoken data transcription combines the properties of non-standard code, the capabilities of tools and needs of corpus.

Control integral del PRRSv mediante el concepto de las 5 fases: revisión crítica

El Síndrome Reproductivo y Respiratorio Porcino (PRRSV) es una enfermedad viral que causa importantes pérdidas económicas y productivas, afectando la reproducción en cerdas gestantes, la calidad del semen en verracos y, ocasionando enfermedad respiratoria en lechones en transición y cebo, reduciendo el crecimiento de los cerdos y provocando un aumento de la mortalidad. Este síndrome cuenta con diversas cepas patógenas, muchas de ellas no incluidas en las actuales vacunas. En consecuencia, los cerdos nunca estarán completamente protegidos frente a esta enfermedad, debido a la capacidad permanente de recombinación y mutación propia del virus. El proceso de las 5 fases surge fruto de la experiencia y la búsqueda de desarrollar metodologías que unifiquen criterios y herramientas de diagnóstico, prevención y bioseguridad para el control de esta enfermedad. En conclusión, la plataforma de las 5 fases hace posible el abordaje en conjunto de la enfermedad, sirviendo como herramienta integral de utilidad para el control exitoso de esta enfermedad. Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome is a viral disease, which causes important economic and productive losses, affecting reproduction in pregnant sows, semen quality in boars and, causing respiratory disease in growing and fattening piglets, reducing pig growth and causing increased mortality. This syndrome is caused by several pathogenic strains, many of which are not included in current vaccines. Consequently, pigs will never be completely protected against this disease, due to the permanent recombination and mutation capacity of the virus. The five-phase process is the result of experience and the search to develop methodologies that unify criteria and tools for diagnosis, prevention and biosecurity for the control of this disease. In conclusion, the 5-phases platform makes it possible to approach the disease as a whole, providing it as an integral tool for success on this disease.

Beyond stereotypes: Comparing Chinese and Australian parents’ perceptions of transition to school

Parents’ perceptions and expectations of transition to school influence their engagement in the transition process. In this study, eight Chinese and eight Australian parents were interviewed to explore their perceptions of transition to school. The results showed similarities in Chinese and Australian parents’ views of transition to school as a two-phase process involving preparation and school familiarisation. Cohort and intra-cohort differences were evident in the type of preparation, attention to diverse needs and the difficulty of the transition process. Moreover, Australian, but not Chinese, parents regarded transition to school as a change for themselves. The findings challenge stereotypes, indicating the need for more reciprocal communication to address parent expectations about transition to school in diverse communities.

Panitumumab and cetuximab affect differently miRNA expression in colorectal cancer cells

Structured abstract Background & aim: Resistance to anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) is frequent and prognostic biomarkers are lacking. MicroRNAs (miR) are good candidates in this context. We aimed to characterize cetuximab and panitumumab exposure influence on miR expression in colorectal cancer cells to identify those regulating the EGFR pathway and implicated in resistance to treatment. Finally, we aimed to identify miR expression in serum of patients with advanced CRC treated with cetuximab or panitumumab. Results: Cetuximab and panitumumab exposure induced significant expression variations of 17 miR out of a miRnome panel of 752. Six of those miR interacted with at least one downstream element of the EGFR pathway. Conclusion: After the bioinformatics two-phase process, 5 miR rarely described before could be potential actors of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody resistance: miR-95-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-145-5p, miR-429 and miR-1247-5p. In vivo, we detected the expression of miR-139-5p and miR-145-5p in serum of patients with metastatic CRC.

Adapting the serious illness conversation guide for use in the emergency department by social workers

Objective Although important treatment decisions are made in the Emergency Department (ED), conversations about patients’ goals and values and priorities often do not occur. There is a critical need to improve the frequency of these conversations, so that ED providers can align treatment plans with these goals, values, and priorities. The Serious Illness Conversation Guide has been used in other care settings and has been demonstrated to improve the frequency, quality, and timing of conversations, but it has not been used in the ED setting. Additionally, ED social workers, although integrated into hospital and home-based palliative care, have not been engaged in programs to advance serious illness conversations in the ED. We set out to adapt the Serious Illness Conversation Guide for use in the ED by social workers. Methods We undertook a four-phase process for the adaptation of the Serious Illness Conversation Guide for use in the ED by social workers. This included simulated testing exercises, pilot testing, and deployment with patients in the ED. Results During each phase of the Guide's adaptation, changes were made to reflect both the environment of care (ED) and the clinicians (social workers) that would be using the Guide. A final guide is presented. Significance of results This report presents an adapted Serious Illness Conversation Guide for use in the ED by social workers. This Guide may provide a tool that can be used to increase the frequency and quality of serious illness conversations in the ED.

Integrating Phylogenetic Biomarker Data and Qualitative Approaches: An Example of HIV Transmission Clusters as a Sampling Frame for Semistructured Interviews and Implications for the COVID-19 Era

Mixed methods studies of human disease that combine surveillance, biomarker, and qualitative data can help elucidate what drives epidemiological trends. Viral genetic data are rarely coupled with other types of data due to legal and ethical concerns about patient privacy. We developed a novel approach to integrate phylogenetic and qualitative methods in order to better target HIV prevention efforts. The overall aim of our mixed methods study was to characterize HIV transmission clusters. We combined surveillance data with HIV genomic data to identify cases whose viruses share enough similarities to suggest a recent common source of infection or participation in linked transmission chains. Cases were recruited through a multi-phase process to obtain consent for recruitment to semi-structured interviews. Through linkage of viral genetic sequences with epidemiological data, we identified individuals in large transmission clusters, which then served as a sampling frame for the interviews. In this article, we describe the multi-phase process and the limitations and challenges encountered. Our approach contributes to the mixed methods research field by demonstrating that phylogenetic analysis and surveillance data can be harnessed to generate a sampling frame for subsequent qualitative data collection, using an explanatory sequential design. The process we developed also respected protections of patient confidentiality. The novel method we devised may offer an opportunity to implement a sampling frame that allows for the recruitment and interview of individuals in high-transmission clusters to better understand what contributes to spread of other infectious diseases, including COVID-19.

Glycolysis of Polyurethanes Composites Containing Nanosilica

Rigid polyurethane (RPU) foams have been successfully glycolyzed by using diethylene glycol (DEG) and crude glycerol (CG) as transesterification agents. However, DEG did not allow to achieve a split-phase process, obtaining a product with low polyol purity (61.7 wt %). On contrary, CG allowed to achieve a split-phase glycolysis improving the recovered polyol purity (76.5%). This is an important novelty since, up to now, RPUs were glycolyzed in single-phase processes giving products of low polyol concentration, which reduced the further applications. Moreover, the nanosilica used as filler of the glycolyzed foams was recovered completely pure. The recovered polyol successfully replaced up to 60% of the raw polyol in the synthesis of RPU foams and including the recovered nanosilica in the same concentration than in glycolyzed foam. Thus, the feasibility of the chemical recycling of this type of polyurethane composites has been demonstrated. Additionally, PU foams were synthesized employing fresh nanosilica to evaluate whether the recovered nanosilica has any influence on the RPU foam properties. These foams were characterized structurally, mechanically and thermally with the aim of proving that they met the specifications of commercial foams. Finally, the feasibility of recovering the of CG by vacuum distillation has been demonstrated.