Quality Testing of Solid Soap with Mango Leaf Extract (Mangifera indica L.) Produced by Hot and Cold Processes

Mango leaves (Mangifera indica L.) contain alkaloids, flavonoids, stereoid compounds, polyphenols, tannins and saponins. The saponin content in mango leaves is able to act as a natural foaming agent. Mango leaf extract can be added in the manufacture of solid soap to produce natural soap. Making solid soap can be done through heating (heat process) and without heating (cold process). This study aims to determine the process of making solid soap in a hot and cold process, comparing the best quality soap analysis based on quality including organoleptic testing and pH balance. The results showed the average quality of the best soap through the heat process with the results of organoleptic tested.

Synthesis and Properties of Soaps from Bidara leaf (Ziziphus mauritania) Via Soft Saponification

This article was aimed to compare soap character with the difference concentration of bidara leaf extraction. Bidara leaf soap was prepared by soft saponification using NaOH which is involved with bidara leaf. Soap analysis has been investigated by colour, cleaning power, foam power dan pH. Based on the result, the soap with 2% concentration of bidara leaf had the highest cleaning power with soft texture, high soap power and appropriate pH for skin care. From FTIR observation and manual soap test was predicted that bidara leaf not only act as catalyst that increase saponification rate but also act as soap hidrophilicity enhancer.

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN MINYAK SAWIT PADA KARAKTERISTIK SABUN TRANSPARAN

<p>Abstract: Transparent soap is a opaque one having clear structure. This soap has high<br />transparency level. Transparent soap is produced by saponification of oil or fat with NaOH<br />solution at 60-70<br />C. This research aims study the effect of composition of coconut oil and palm<br />oil (100:0; 90:10; 80:20; 70:30; 60:40 g/g) mixture on the quality of transparent soap. The free<br />fatty acid (FFA) level of coconut oil was 0.8% and that of palm oil was 1.07%. In this work, there<br />were 3 processes separately, namely saponification reaction, transparent structure forming, and<br />curing. Saponification reaction was done by reacting stearic acid in fatty acid phase and NaOH<br />at 60-70<br />o<br />o<br />C. Stearic acid was melted with heating until melted and some oil was added. After<br />obtaining homogeneous mixture between stearic acid an oil, then NaOH 30% solution was<br />added. The forming of transparent structure was conducted by adding propylene, glycol,<br />glycerin, sugar solution and ethanol 70% into saponification product. To produce soap color and<br />aroma, the colorant and fragrance were added. Then, the soap was casted and cured for 24<br />hours by storing it at room temperature. The result of transparent soap analysis for coconut oil<br />compositions of 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, and 60%, it was obtained that the water level were<br />18.36%, 18.24%, 18.66%, 18.66%, and 18.56%, respectively. The free alkali contained in<br />transparent soaps were 0.078%, 0.078%, 0.0796%, 0.0804%, and 0.0796%. The yields were<br />62.78%, 62.25%, 62.49%, 60.88%, 59.79%, and the pH of transparent soap was 9. The best<br />composition of coconut oil and palm oil mixture was 90:10 while the ratio of coconut oil and<br />palm oil mixture composition resulting the highest yield was 100:0.<br />Keywords: Transparent soap, Saponification, Coconut oil, Palm oil</p>

Evaluation of procedures for hygienic hand-disinfection: controlled parallel experiments on the Vienna test model

SUMMARYControlled parallel experiments were performed on the Vienna test model for the evaluation of procedures for hygienic hand-disinfection in three laboratories (Vienna, Mainz, Birmingham). The degerming activity of four procedures, each taking 1 min, was assessed repeatedly and compared with that of a standard disinfection procedure (ST) using isopropanol 60 % (v/v). The mean log reductions (mean log RF) for each procedure were as follows: n−propanol 50% (v/v) 4·85 and 5·14 in Vienna (V) and Mainz (M) respectively, ethanol 70 % (v/v) + chlorhexidinegluconate 0·5% (w/v), 4·01 (V), 3·76 (M) and 4·00 in Birmingham (B). Washing procedures were less effective, mean log RF 's of 3·19 (V), 3·49 (M) and 3·04 (B) were obtained with povidone-iodine soap, and 2·91 (V), 3·37 (M) and 3·27 (B) with a liquid phenolic soap. Analysis of variance on the data from Vienna and Mainz revealed significant differences of means not only between procedures (‘preparations’) but also on repeat testing. To compensate for the influence of variables such as test subjects, laboratory and day, the Vienna test model provides a method of standardization by testing a ST in parallel with the test procedure (P).Standardization of the results was obtained by pair-wise substraction, log . Analysis of variance on the resulting values demonstrated that comparability of the results between laboratories and on repeat testing was achieved. The relative variation of the measurements within the laboratories ranged from 0·9 to 4·2%. As assessed by power-analysis, a disinfection procedure will be detected as significantly (P= 0·1) inferior to the standard processes in 95 of 100 experiments if it produces a mean log RF that is at least 0·55–0·65 log units smaller than that of the standard.

A New Rapid Method for the Determination of Serum Lipase

A new method is described for the determination of serum lipase using olive oil as substrate, and photometric, copper soap analysis for the measurement of fatty acids formed. The great sensitivity of this technic for measurement of the fatty acids permits a 30-min. incubation time and the use of 0.1 ml. serum. The reaction is zero order for this time period. Other aspects of the enzyme kinetics were studied and the normal values determined.