Formulasi dan Uji Mutu Fisik Sediaan Sabun Padat Ekstrak Kulit Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L)

Shallots are one of the many types of plants available in Indonesia. Shallots are annual plants that can grow in the highlands and lowlands. In its use, shallots produce a lot of waste in the form of skin which can be processed into solid soap preparations because they contain antibacterial properties derived from flavonoid compounds. This study aims to produce solid soap onion skin extract and test the physical quality of the preparation according to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). The research method was experimental which consisted of making simplicia and extracting it by maceration method using 70% ethanol as a solvent. Red onion peel extract formulations were used with a concentration of 5% (Formulation 2) and 0% (formulation 1) as the control basis. Evaluation of solid soap preparations includes organoleptic observation, homogeneity testing, foaming test, pH testing. The preparation was evaluated for 4 weeks at room temperature. Data were analyzed descriptively and compared with SNI. The results of this study indicate that the soap preparation is homogeneous, has a solid texture, is light brown (formulation 1), and dark brown (formulation 2). The average pH value in formulation 1 and formulation 2 is 9. The results of the organoleptic test on solid soap preparations did not change, from the first week to the fourth week it was getting denser. The foam power test on both formulations showed the presence of foam that came out when the test was carried out. The conclusion in this study is that the physical quality of onion skin extract solid soap is in accordance with SNI and is stable for 4 weeks of storage.

KARAKTERISASI SABUN CAIR DENGAN VARIASI PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK TEMBAKAU (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

Liquid soap is a kind of cleanser made from a chemical reaction of the potassium salt of fatty acids. The distribution of soap with natural ingredients is rarely available on a market. One of the best options that can be used as a natural active ingredient of soap is a tobacco leaf. This study aimed was to the best treatment concentration of tobacco extract on the physical, chemical, and microbiological properties of liquid soap. The formulations of tobacco extract were 5%, 10%, and 15% of base soap. The study showed that the addition of tobacco extract to liquid soap could decrease the viscosity, specific gravity, pH, and alkaline free. Meanwhile, the nicotine level and bacterial inhibition (clear zone) were higher. The best concentration of liquid soap was formulation with the addition of 5% tobacco extract, with characteristics of viscosity about 2498.1 cP, specific gravity about 1.0209 g/mL, the stability of foam about 180 mL/ 9 hours, foam power about 22.34 second, pH 10.14, alkaline free about 0.0824%, nicotine content about 128.69 mg/100g and the antibacterial of E. coli (clear zone) of tobacco liquid soap about 5.8 mm. Keywords: liquid soap, natural active ingredients, tobacco extract

ANALISIS KARAKTERISTIK MUTU SABUN TRANSPARAN BEKATUL BERAS MERAH (Oryza nivara) BERBAHAN DASAR MINYAK GORENG BEKAS

ABSTRACT The free radicals exposure from daily activities can cause the damage the skin, therefore to avoid this damage effect can use antioxidants compounds . Brown rice bran is rice milling waste which has high antioxidant with IC50 is 43,2349 ppm. Efforts to increase the economic value of rice bran high in antioxidant compounds is by processing rice bran into transparent soap products. This research was conducted to analyze the quality characteristics of transparent red rice bran soap (Oryza nivara) based on used cooking oil. The quality characteristics of transparent rice soap which includes organoleptic soap, pH, foam power, free alkali, and water content. The data were analyzed descriptively by comparing the results of research with SNI 06-3532 -1994 Based on the results of the study obtained the results of the characteristics of soap that meets the quality characteristics of SNI 06-3532-1994 soap requirements with a pH of 10,2 , foam power of 2,54 cm, free alkali of 0,034%, and 3,85% moisture content. Keywords : transparent soap, brown rice bran, used cooking oil, solid soap quality characteristics

ANALISIS KARAKTERISTIK MUTU SABUN TRANSPARAN BEKATUL BERAS MERAH (Oryza nivara) BERBAHAN DASAR MINYAK GORENG BEKAS

ABSTRACT The free radicals exposure from daily activities can cause the damage the skin, therefore to avoid this damage effect can use antioxidants compounds . Brown rice bran is rice milling waste which has high antioxidant with IC50 is 43,2349 ppm. Efforts to increase the economic value of rice bran high in antioxidant compounds is by processing rice bran into transparent soap products. This research was conducted to analyze the quality characteristics of transparent red rice bran soap (Oryza nivara) based on used cooking oil. The quality characteristics of transparent rice soap which includes organoleptic soap, pH, foam power, free alkali, and water content. The data were analyzed descriptively by comparing the results of research with SNI 06-3532 -1994 Based on the results of the study obtained the results of the characteristics of soap that meets the quality characteristics of SNI 06-3532-1994 soap requirements with a pH of 10,2 , foam power of 2,54 cm, free alkali of 0,034%, and 3,85% moisture content. Keywords : transparent soap, brown rice bran, used cooking oil, solid soap quality characteristics

FORMULASI SABUN PEMBERSIH KEWANITAAN (Feminime Hygiene) DARI MINYAK ATSIRI RIMPANG LENGKUAS PUTIH (Alpinia galanga L) DAN UJI AKTIFITAS ANTISEPTIK TERHADAP Candida albicans

ABSTRACTCandida albicans is a normal flora in the female genitalia which can cause vaginal discharge. White galangal rhizome contains essential oils of eugenol which have activities that inhibit the growth of Candida albicans. This study formulated the white galangal rhizome essential oil in the form of feminime hygiene to make it easier and more comfortable to use and to determine the antiseptic feminime hygiene activity of the white galangal rhizome oil of Candida albicans. The essential oil of white galangal rhizome is formulated in three variations of concentration namely 10%, 15% and 20%. Feminime hygiene of essential white galangal rhizome oil was evaluated such as organoleptic, homogeneity, specific gravity, foam power test, viscosity, pH and stability. Antiseptic activity testing was tested with SDA (Sabouraud Dextrose Agar) media and using agar diffusion method. The results of the feminime hygiene evaluation formulated showed results similar to the results of comparative evaluations (BN). The parameters of antiseptic activity are indicated by the formation of inhibitory zone diameters where F0 (negative control), F1 (10%), F2 (15%), and F3 (20%) respectively have an average diameter value of 11 mm, 14.65 mm 17.58 mm and 25.41 mm. The classification category of the response to microbial growth according to CLSI, F0 and F1 includes the weak group, the F2 is the moderate group and the F3 is the strong group. Based on the results of one-way ANOVA statistical analysis there were significant differences in liquid soap preparations F0, F1, F2 with F3 at (P <0.05). White galangal rhizome essential oil can be formulated into feminine hygiene and has antiseptic activity against the fungus Candida albicans.Keywords: white galangal, antiseptic, candida albicans

Synthesis and Properties of Soaps from Bidara leaf (Ziziphus mauritania) Via Soft Saponification

This article was aimed to compare soap character with the difference concentration of bidara leaf extraction. Bidara leaf soap was prepared by soft saponification using NaOH which is involved with bidara leaf. Soap analysis has been investigated by colour, cleaning power, foam power dan pH. Based on the result, the soap with 2% concentration of bidara leaf had the highest cleaning power with soft texture, high soap power and appropriate pH for skin care. From FTIR observation and manual soap test was predicted that bidara leaf not only act as catalyst that increase saponification rate but also act as soap hidrophilicity enhancer.

OPTIMIZATION OF BENTONITE LIQUID DETERGENT FOR CLEANSING OF EXTREME NAJS USING SIMPLEX LATTICE DESIGN

Objective: The objective of this research was to formulate bentonite (clay) liquid detergent (BLD) using bentonite combined with vegetable oils intended for cleansing of extreme najs.Methods: In this study, five formulas of BLD in combination with vegetable oils (coconut and palm oils) were made. The quality of BLD was evaluated in terms of organoleptic, foam power, foam stability, viscocity, pH, free alkali, and total fatty acids. These parameters were analyzed using simplex lattice design (SLD) in order to get the optimum formula of BLD. The verification of optimum formula was carried out using statistical analysis of one sample t-test at a significance level (P) of 0.05.Results: The results showed that the optimum concentration of bentonite was 6.4% with the percentage of cocount oil and palm oil of 95.1% and 4.9%, respectively. Based on one sample t-test, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) of foam power, foam stability, and pH between optimum formula BLD predicted using SLD and that actually formulated.Conclusion: BLD formulated can be used as innovatine means for cleansing extreme najs.