Lightweight Frame Scrambling Mechanisms for End-to-End Privacy in Edge Smart Surveillance

As smart surveillance becomes popular in today's smart cities, millions of closed circuit television (CCTV) cameras are ubiquitously deployed that collect huge amount of visual information. All these raw visual data are often transported over a public network to distant video analytic centers. This increases the risk of interception and the spill of individuals' information into the wider cyberspace that causes privacy breaches. The edge computing paradigm allows the enforcement of privacy protection mechanisms at the point where the video frames are created. Nonetheless, existing cryptographic schemes are computationally unaffordable at the resource constrained network edge. Based on chaotic methods we propose three lightweight end-to-end (E2E) privacy-protection mechanisms: (1) a Dynamic Chaotic Image Enciphering (DyCIE) scheme that can run in real time at the edge; (2) a lightweight Regions of Interest (RoI) Masking (RoI-Mask) scheme that ensures the privacy of sensitive attributes on video frames; and (3) a novel lightweight Sinusoidal Chaotic Map (SCM) as a robust and efficient solution for enciphering frames at edge cameras. Design rationales are discussed and extensive experimental analyses substantiate the feasibility and security of the proposed schemes.

Lightweight Frame Scrambling Mechanisms for End-to-End Privacy in Edge Smart Surveillance

As smart surveillance becomes popular in today's smart cities, millions of closed circuit television (CCTV) cameras are ubiquitously deployed that collect huge amount of visual information. All these raw visual data are often transported over a public network to distant video analytic centers. This increases the risk of interception and the spill of individuals' information into the wider cyberspace that causes privacy breaches. The edge computing paradigm allows the enforcement of privacy protection mechanisms at the point where the video frames are created. Nonetheless, existing cryptographic schemes are computationally unaffordable at the resource constrained network edge. Based on chaotic methods we propose three lightweight end-to-end (E2E) privacy-protection mechanisms: (1) a Dynamic Chaotic Image Enciphering (DyCIE) scheme that can run in real time at the edge; (2) a lightweight Regions of Interest (RoI) Masking (RoI-Mask) scheme that ensures the privacy of sensitive attributes on video frames; and (3) a novel lightweight Sinusoidal Chaotic Map (SCM) as a robust and efficient solution for enciphering frames at edge cameras. Design rationales are discussed and extensive experimental analyses substantiate the feasibility and security of the proposed schemes.

The System and Structure of Russian Legislation: Its Past, Present and Lessons for the Future

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the development of the system and structure of the Russian legislation in the space-time continuum. The author demonstrates the defining role of economic, and more widely—social—factors, ultimately determining the vector for the development of law. The paper questions the idea of the supposed self-sufficiency of law that develops in compliance with its own rules. In recent years this approach has dominated the domestic legal science. In the Western doctrine, this approach has existed for quite a long time. Such a methodological platform fits into the general context of postmodern, where objective reality is replaced by preconceptions about it. In this regard, the need to prove any approach disappears because all opinions are declared to be equal. The author substantiates the statement concerning the necessity of studying law in the context of causal relations between legal and social factors. The analysis made by the author attempts to justify the fact that the economic reform carried out in Russia by means of privatization and shares-forloans auctions was not aimed at economic growth. The objective of the reform was to redistribute property, which became the basis of first oligarchic and, later, bureaucratic Russian capitalism, equally unpromising in the present and foreseeable future. To meet this objective, i.e. to redistribute property, a system of legislation was formed under immediate control of Western, mainly American, analytic centers. That policy resulted in creating the economy based on raw materials and off-shores. It is noted that the pandemic has seriously affected the system of values and benchmarks of social development. Therefore, the issue of a shift in the paradigm of social development will inevitably arise. The economic, political, social and legal doctrines of the past that were perceived largely uncritically, will lose their strength and will never be the intellectual basis of evolution. The author anticipates the orientation of nations at maximizing the demand of the domestic markets. Russia’s integration into the world economic system, the idea of which used to dominate in Russia, proved completely untenable, as did the myths of globalization in general. In this regard, the transformation of the system and structure of the Russian legislation is inevitable. The development of Russia’s legal system should be aimed at solving internal problems, which, of course, does not mean isolation of the country.

Limit Cycles and Analytic Centers for a Family of4n-1Degree Systems with Generalized Nilpotent Singularities

With the aid of computer algebra systemMathematica8.0 and by the integral factor method, for a family of generalized nilpotent systems, we first compute the first several quasi-Lyapunov constants, by vanishing them and rigorous proof, and then we get sufficient and necessary conditions under which the systems admit analytic centers at the origin. In addition, we present that seven amplitude limit cycles can be created from the origin. As an example, we give a concrete system with seven limit cycles via parameter perturbations to illustrate our conclusion. An interesting phenomenon is that the exponent parameterncontrols the singular point type of the studied system. The main results generalize and improve the previously known results in Pan.

An Interior Point Method for Solving Semidefinite Programs Using Cutting Planes and Weighted Analytic Centers

We investigate solving semidefinite programs (SDPs) with an interior point method called SDP-CUT, which utilizes weighted analytic centers and cutting plane constraints. SDP-CUT iteratively refines the feasible region to achieve the optimal solution. The algorithm uses Newton’s method to compute the weighted analytic center. We investigate different stepsize determining techniques. We found that using Newton's method with exact line search is generally the best implementation of the algorithm. We have also compared our algorithm to the SDPT3 method and found that SDP-CUT initially gets into the neighborhood of the optimal solution in less iterations on all our test problems. SDP-CUT also took less iterations to reach optimality on many of the problems. However, SDPT3 required less iterations on most of the test problems and less time on all the problems. Some theoretical properties of the convergence of SDP-CUT are also discussed.