Survey on Smart Security Surveillance System

As an integral part of the safety and security many organizations, video rental has established its value and benefits many times by providing immediate management of property, people, the environment and property. This project operates in the form of the Embedded Real-Time Surveillance System Based Raspberry Pi SBC for internal detection that enhances monitoring technology to provide critical safety in our lives as well as consistent performance and alert operation. The proposed security solution depends on our integration of cameras and motion detectors into a web application. Raspberry Pi operates and controls motion detectors and video cameras for remote hearing and monitoring, streams streaming video and recording for future playback. This research focuses on the development of a detection system that detects strangers and responds quickly by taking and transferring images to wireless modules based on owners. This Raspberry Pi program based on Smart Surveillance System provides a remote location monitoring concept. The proposed solution provides a fully functional, efficient and easy-to-use global solution. This project will also introduce the concept of motion detection and tracking using image processing. This type of technology is very important when it comes to surveillance and security. The live video stream will be used to show how things can be found and tracked. The detection and tracking process will be based on the pixel threshold. Keyword: Internet Of Things (IOT), Raspberry pi, Picamera, PIR Sensor, Dropbox.

Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Boko Haram Attacks and its Effects on Education in Northern Nigeria (2009-2020)

The persistent attacks from Boko Haram have been issues of concern to the Nigerian government and its citizens. The study assessed spatio-temporal pattern of attacks by Boko-Haram insurgents and its effects on education in the Northern Region of Nigeria between 2009 and 2020 with specific objectives of ascertaining the pattern of the attacks, and appraising the trend of attacks’ fatalities over time, and reviewing the effects of the attacks on education. The study covered all three geopolitical zones (19 States with FCT) in the Northern Region of Nigeria. Data on Boko-Haram attacks were obtained from the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED) database. Nearest Neighbourhood Analysis and Geographically Weighted Regression on ArcGIS 10.8 were analytical techniques adopted in this study. Results with a negative Z-value of -88.62 indicated the clustered pattern of Boko-Haram at an observed mean distance of 1213 metres from one attack to another. There were 28 792 reported fatalities due to Boko-Haram attacks from 2009 and 2020. Boko Haram has affected the education system of the Northern Region of Nigeria through attacks and abduction of students. The study revealed that geospatial technology has the potential to analyse and monitor insecurity issues, and it is thus recommended that geospatial technology need to be integrated into security surveillance and operation to curb the challenges of insecurity on education, not only in the northern region but the entire space of Nigeria, so that Sustainable Development Goal Four (quality education for all) can be achieved.

Newspapers’ coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic in Eswatini: from distanciated re/presentations to socio-health panics

This paper examines the coverage and re/presentation of the coronavirus pandemic by two mainstream newspapers in the Kingdom of Eswatini, namely, the Times of Eswatini and the Eswatini Observer between January and June 2020. Framing and discourse analyses are used in the examination of news stories. The key to this study is how the coverage and re/presentation evolved as ‘new facts’ about the virus emerged. From being re/presented in a distanciated form to becoming a localised scare, the travelling of the virus in space and time and its profile in the newspapers are examined. When the virus began to enjoy widespread coverage, news stories focused on virus incidence and later started paying attention to the internal evolution of the virus and how the government was responding to it. The analysis shows that political indexing sustained the coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to political and official indexing, media coverage largely reproduced the views of those in power, especially the construction of lockdown regulations as rational and legitimate. The government and security officials characterised the coronavirus as an invading enemy that could only be defeated through ‘war’. The news media reproduced the war language of the government and security officials, and thus legitimised the lockdowns and security surveillance. In addition to regulatory interventions, the results reveal that the government and civil society initiated prayer and fasting sessions as part of response interventions. This paper concludes that health journalism pays less attention to health scares that are seen to be happening ‘elsewhere’. However, once the problems become local, the news value of proximity enables journalists to provide extensive coverage. In addition, the coverage of pandemics begins with increased coverage and panic, followed by constant attention and after some time, the stories leave front pages as journalism fatigue kicks in.

The historic city and the East–West exchange: architecture, urban renewal and international knowledge transfers under state socialism in Hungary

In recent years, the permeability of the Iron Curtain seems to have become a new paradigm in the field of post-war history – urban history included. It is clear, however, that significant differences existed among Eastern Bloc countries in terms of how open they were to Western influences, and to what extent their governments allowed those countries’ citizens – professionals among them – to gain experiences abroad. This article investigates the ways city planning and heritage policy in state socialist Hungary were influenced by international trends; it explores the roles Hungarian architects, urban planners and other experts played after 1956 in knowledge transfers, i.e. the transmission of novel ideas in the field of architecture and urban planning, with special regard to the renewal of inner-city areas and historic town centres. Besides reflecting critically on concepts of the strict East–West divide, the article also calls attention to the limits of freedom inherent even in a relatively liberal Eastern Bloc regime: various forms of state control – including state security surveillance – continued to characterize the system until its collapse in 1989, affecting the mobility of urbanists and architects as well as all other professional groups.

Separable Reversible Data Hiding in Encryption Image with Two-Tuples Coding

Separable Reversible Data Hiding in Encryption Image (RDH-EI) has become widely used in clinical and military applications, social cloud and security surveillance in recent years, contributing significantly to preserving the privacy of digital images. Aiming to address the shortcomings of recent works that directed to achieve high embedding rate by compensating image quality, security, reversible and separable properties, we propose a two-tuples coding method by considering the intrinsic adjacent pixels characteristics of the carrier image, which have a high redundancy between high-order bits. Subsequently, we construct RDH-EI scheme by using high-order bits compression, low-order bits combination, vacancy filling, data embedding and pixel diffusion. Unlike the conventional RDH-EI practices, which have suffered from the deterioration of the original image while embedding additional data, the content owner in our scheme generates the embeddable space in advance, thus lessening the risk of image destruction on the data hider side. The experimental results indicate the effectiveness of our scheme. A ratio of 28.91% effectively compressed the carrier images, and the embedding rate increased to 1.753 bpp with a higher image quality, measured in the PSNR of 45.76 dB.