REPRESENTATIONS OF REFUGEES AND LOCAL PEOPLE IN GREEK POETRY DURING THE EUROPEAN MIGRANT CRISIS

This paper looks into Greek poetry written, in its bulk, during the years of the European migrant crisis (2014-2018) for ways in which refugees and locals are presented. The poems are analyzed in the framework of critical discourse analysis (CDA) in terms of the social language, situated meanings, intertextuality, figured worlds and discourses they contain (Gee, 2011). Greek poets see in refugees a heroic part of humanity and a manifestation of the human struggle and will to live; thus, they are sanctifying them, presenting them as martyrs. Moreover, Greek poets see locals and Westerners as insensitive villains who are after their eradication. This is obviously a distorted and hyperbolic point of view, which however may hide true aspects of reality in its exaggeration. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0790/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Multi-pass stable periodic points of diffeomorphism of a plane with a homoclinic orbit

A diffeomorphism of a plane into itself with a fixed hyperbolic point and a nontransversal point homoclinic to it is studied. There are various ways of touching a stable and unstable manifold at a homoclinic point. Periodic points whose trajectories do not leave the vicinity of the trajectory of a homoclinic point are divided into a countable set of types. Periodic points of the same type are called n-pass periodic points if their trajectories have n turns that lie outside a sufficiently small neighborhood of the hyperbolic point. Earlier in the articles of Sh. Newhouse, L. P. Shil’nikov, B. F. Ivanov and other authors, diffeomorphisms of the plane with a nontransversal homoclinic point were studied, it was assumed that this point is a tangency point of finite order. In these papers, it was shown that in a neighborhood of a homoclinic point there can be infinite sets of stable two-pass and three-pass periodic points. The presence of such sets depends on the properties of the hyperbolic point. In this paper, it is assumed that a homoclinic point is not a point with a finite order of tangency of a stable and unstable manifold. It is shown in the paper that for any fixed natural number n, a neighborhood of a nontransversal homolinic point can contain an infinite set of stable n-pass periodic points with characteristic exponents separated from zero.

Different types of stable periodic points of diffeomorphism of a plane with a homoclinic orbit

A diffeomorphism of the plane into itself with a fixed hyperbolic point is considered; the presence of a nontransverse homoclinic point is assumed. Stable and unstable manifolds touch each other at a homoclinic point; there are various ways of touching a stable and unstable manifold. In the works of Sh. Newhouse, L. P. Shilnikov and other authors, studied diffeomorphisms of the plane with a nontranverse homoclinic point, under the assumption that this point is a tangency point of finite order. It follows from the works of these authors that an infinite set of stable periodic points can lie in a neighborhood of a homoclinic point; the presence of such a set depends on the properties of the hyperbolic point. In this paper, it is assumed that a homoclinic point is not a point at which the tangency of a stable and unstable manifold is a tangency of finite order. Allocate a countable number of types of periodic points lying in the vicinity of a homoclinic point; points belonging to the same type are called n-pass (multi-pass), where n is a natural number. In the present paper, it is shown that if the tangency is not a tangency of finite order, the neighborhood of a nontransverse homolinic point can contain an infinite set of stable single-pass, double-pass, or three-pass periodic points with characteristic exponents separated from zero.

Ring dynamics around the Centaur Chariklo and the dwarf planet Haumea: effects of high-order resonances

&lt;p&gt;Narrow and dense rings have been detected around the small Centaur body Chariklo (Braga-Ribas et al. 2014), as well as around the dwarf planet Haumea (Ortiz et al. 2017).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Both objects have non-axisymmetric shapes that induce strong resonant effects between the rotating central body with spin rate &lt;em&gt;&amp;#937;&amp;#160;&lt;/em&gt;and the radial epicyclic motion of the ring particles, &lt;em&gt;&amp;#954;&lt;/em&gt;. These resonances include the classical Eccentric Lindblad Resonances (ELR),&amp;#160;where &lt;em&gt;&amp;#954; = m(n-&amp;#937;),&lt;/em&gt;&amp;#160;with &lt;em&gt;m&lt;/em&gt; integer,&amp;#160;&lt;em&gt;n&amp;#160;&lt;/em&gt;being the particle mean motion. These resonances&amp;#160;create an exchange of angular momentum between the body and the collisional ring, clearing the corotation&amp;#160;zone, pushing the inner disk onto the body and repelling the outer part outside of the outermost 1/2 ELR, where the particles&amp;#160;complete one orbital revolution while the body executes two rotations, i.e. &lt;em&gt;n/&amp;#937;&amp;#160;~&amp;#160;&lt;/em&gt;1/2 (Sicardy et al. 2019)&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Here I will focus on higher-order resonances. They may appear either by considering other resonances such as &lt;em&gt;n/&amp;#937;&amp;#160;~&amp;#160;&lt;/em&gt;1/3, or the same resonance as above (&lt;em&gt;n/&amp;#937;&amp;#160;~&amp;#160;&lt;/em&gt;1/2), but with a body that has a triaxial shape. In this case, the invariance of the potential under a rotation of&lt;em&gt; &amp;#960;&lt;/em&gt;&amp;#160;radians transforms the 1st-order 1/2 Lindblad Resonance into a 2nd order 2/4 resonance.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Second-order resonances are of particular interest because they force a strong response of the particles near the resonance radius, in spite of the intrinsically small strength of their forcing terms. This stems from the topography of the associated resonant Hamiltonian, which possesses an unstable hyperbolic point at its origin.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The width of the region where this strong response is expected will be discussed for both Chariklo's and Haumea's rings. The special case of the second-order 1/3 resonance will be discussed, as it appears that both ring systems are close to that resonance.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;This work is intended, among others, to pave the way for future collisional simulations of rings around non-axisymmetric bodies.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;page&quot; title=&quot;Page 1&quot;&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;layoutArea&quot;&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;column&quot;&gt; &lt;p&gt;Braga-Ribas et al., 2014, &lt;em&gt;Nature&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;508&lt;/strong&gt;, 72&lt;br /&gt;Ortiz et al., 2017, &lt;em&gt;Nature&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;550&lt;/strong&gt;, 219&lt;br /&gt;Sicardy et al., 2019, &lt;em&gt;Nature Astronomy&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;3&lt;/strong&gt;, 146&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The work leading to these results has received funding from the&amp;#160;European Research Council under the European Community's H2020&amp;#160;2014-2020 ERC Grant Agreement n&amp;#176;669416 &quot;Lucky Star&quot;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

A Lagrangian approach to the Loop Current eddy separation

Determining when and how a Loop Current eddy (LCE) in the Gulf of Mexico will finally separate is a difficult task, since several detachment re-attachment processes can occur during one of these events. Separation is usually defined based on snapshots of Eulerian fields such as sea surface height (SSH) but here we suggest that a Lagrangian view of the LCE separation process is more appropriate and objective. The basic idea is very simple: separation should be defined whenever water particles from the cyclonic side of the Loop Current move swiftly from the Yucatan Peninsula to the Florida Straits instead of penetrating into the NE Gulf of Mexico. The properties of backward-time finite time Lyapunov exponents (FTLE) computed from a numerical model of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea are used to estimate the "skeleton" of flow and the structures involved in LCE detachment events. An Eulerian metric is defined, based on the slope of the strain direction of the instantaneous hyperbolic point of the Loop Current anticyclone that provides useful information to forecast final LCE detachments. We highlight cases in which an LCE separation metric based on SSH contours (Leben, 2005) suggests there is a separated LCE that later reattaches, whereas the slope method and FTLE structure indicate the eddy remains dynamically connected to the Loop Current during the process.