Forging Mixtec Identity in the Mexican Metropolis: Race, Indigenismo and Mixtec Migrant Associations in Mexico City, 1940−70

This article presents a social history of the Coalición de los Pueblos Mixtecos Oaxaqueños (Coalition of Mixtec Oaxacan Communities, CPMO), a grouping of mutual-aid associations formed by Indigenous migrants in Mexico City during the middle of the twentieth century. It draws on the coalition's archives to demonstrate how years of migration to Mexico City eroded traditional inter-village conflicts and created the conditions for a broader ethnic identity among Mixtec migrants in the capital. In addition, the coalition's collaboration with the federal government's Instituto Nacional Indigenista (National Indigenous Institute, INI) challenges common depictions of Indigeneity and modernisation as being inherently antagonistic with one another. The coalition's collaboration with the INI led its members to more consciously and visibly identify with their Indigenous roots; they had to become more Indigenous in order to become more modern.

Hakka migrant hometown associations: Development and social network patterns

This study sought to review the development of Hakka migrant hometown associations and to explore the social network patterns of these associations. To better understand migrant associations in different contexts, research was conducted in various countries or regions. The study examined the relationships between and among associations from an organizational perspective. Using the criteria of density and centralization, the social network patterns are classified into four network types: (1) hierarchical, (2) clique, (3) peer-to-peer, and (4) formative. According to the findings, the network characteristics of different associations enable Hakka associations to flourish in the immigration countries and preserve Hakka culture.

Campaigning across continents: how Latin American parties link up with migrant associations abroad

Emigrant voting rights have opened new electoral arenas, and many political parties increasingly campaign across borders. Yet relatively little is known about the challenges parties confront when campaigning transnationally and the strategies they have developed in response to these challenges. This paper addresses these shortcomings. First, I investigate the hurdles Latin American parties face in linking up with organized migrant collectives in residency countries for campaigning purposes. Second, I probe into the transnational linkage strategies these parties deploy to tap into migrant associations’ resources and mobilization capacities. This study builds on a comparative research design and draws on almost 40 semi-structured interviews with Bolivian and Ecuadorian party activists as well as association leaders in Barcelona, Spain. Departing from the party interest group literature, I identify three transnational linkage strategies Bolivian and Ecuadorian parties implement: 1) Infiltration, 2) Co-optation, and 3) Cooperation. All parties execute these tactics informally in order to comply with local norms that require associations to remain apolitical. The analysis further demonstrates that differences between home-country electoral systems shape the types of linkage strategies Bolivian and Ecuadorian parties use. This article contributes to the study of migrant politics and political parties in important ways. This study highlights how political parties actively negotiate their entry into the transnational electoral arena, and sheds light on how migrants remain politically connected to their home countries.

‘More than a refugee community organisation’: a study of African migrant associations in Glasgow

This chapter explores processes of change and development within African migrant, asylum seeker and refugee-led associations in Glasgow from 2004 onwards.In a shift away from social capital as the dominant lens through which to describe and analyse migrant associations, this chapter turns the focus inwards, through an exploration of the internal and external factors and processes which affect the emergence and sustainability of such groups. It then shifts its focus outwards to consider the effects of changes in immigration status on associations, problematising the ‘refugee community organisation’ category. Finally it considers the effects of internal diversity on migrant, asylum seeker and refugee-led associations’ responses to the welfare needs of their members

Remaking the State or Creating Civil Society? Vietnamese Migrant Associations in Poland

In this essay, I analyze Vietnamese migrant associations in Poland, which have been routinely classified as “non-governmental organizations.” And yet, through their involvement in networks of relationships with a broad range of actors, including transnational connections with institutions back in Vietnam, they are in fact positioned in a liminal zone between the state and civil society. On the one hand, migrant associations are to a large extent entangled with the politics of the Vietnamese state through various channels, including the embassy, and through personal and institutional connections maintained with mass organizations such as the Fatherland Front and the Women’s Union. On the other hand, they are able to retain some degree of autonomy and pluralism, remaining active agents engaged with the fraught social and political activities of Vietnamese diasporics in Poland.

Asociaciones de Migrantes andinos en la web. Relevancia de redes virtuales en el establecimento de lazos comunitarios

La revolución de las TIC de finales del siglo XX produjo transformaciones profundas que afectaron diversas prácticas sociales, entre ellas, las migraciones. En la Argentina, la presencia de las asociaciones de migrantes de países andinos en la Web ha provocado mayor visibilidad y ha contribuido al funcionamiento de las redes sociales de migrantes. El objetivo de este trabajo es el estudio de los sitios Web de estas asociaciones sobre dos casos diferenciales. Los ecuatorianos quienes representan una migración joven hacia el país y los peruanos que constituyen una más asentada.ASOCIACIONES DE MIGRANTES ANDINOS EN LA WEB . RELEVANCIA DE REDES VIRTUALES EN EL ESTABLECIMIENTO DE LAZOSS COMUNITARIOSResumen: La revolución de las TIC de finales del siglo XX produjo transformaciones profundas que afectaron diversas prácticas sociales, entre ellas, las migraciones. En la Argentina, la presencia de las asociaciones de migrantes de países andinos en la Web ha provocado mayor visibilidad y ha contribuido al funcionamiento de las redes sociales de migrantes. El objetivo de este trabajo es el estudio de los sitios Web de estas asociaciones sobre dos casos diferenciales. Los ecuatorianos quienes representan una migración joven hacia el país y los peruanos que constituyen una más asentada.Palabras clave: Internet, migraciones, países andinos, lazos comunitarios, asociacionesANDEAN MIGRANT ASSOCIATIONS ON WEB. THE RELEVANCE OF VIRTUAL NETWORKS IN ESTABLISHING COMMUNITY TIESAbstract: The revolution in ITC of the late twentieth century promoted deep changes in several social practices like migrations. The Web presence of Andean migrant associations in Argentina has contributed to the social networks of these groups. Thus, the objective of this work is the study of the websites of the associations of migrants from Andean countries in Argentina on two different cases. Ecuadorians who represent a younger migration to the country and Peruvians which are a more settled.Keywords:Internet, migration, Andean countries, community ties, associations