Cardiac Fitness Index based on Treadmill Heart Rate monitoring and it’s Mathematical Simulation

: In a clinic, cardiologists use the heart rate variation to determine the cardiac fitness of a patient. For this purpose, they monitor their heart rate while on the treadmill and after the patient has gone off the treadmill. However, they only monitor their heart rate values, and not the trend of the heart rate variation. In order to characterize the cardiac fitness, we need to develop an index which describes the trend of heart rate variation while on and off the treadmill. In this paper, we have determined the heart rate variation equation. The equation for on the treadmill is given by: HR = HRe*t^-k2. The range of k1 was found to be 0.2 to 0.25. The range of k2 was found to be -0.2 to -0.3. Then we formulated the Cardiac Fitness Index (CFI) Formula: CFI = k2/k1×HRo/(HRe-HRo)× (HRe-HRf)/HRe ×100 HRo is the initial rate at the time of getting on the treadmill, HRe is the heart rate at the end of 10 minutes on the treadmill, and HRf is the final value of the heart rate at 10 minutes after getting off the treadmill. In this evaluated four patients and calculated their values of their CFIs. Based on this, we found the range of CFI to be from 87 to 34 with 87 being the highest and 34 being the lowest. Our intent is to monitor more subjects and find out the ranges for normal subjects and find out the ranges for normal subjects and subjects with cardiac symptoms. This can enable the cardiologist to diagnose a subject with cardiac issues and recommend the subject for further tests, to determine the precise nature of the cardiac problem. Now our Cardiac Fitness Index can be employed by cardiologists to make that decision. In fact, it can also be used at home to determine the cardiac fitness, and stay fit. Thus, our paper will enable both medical and non-medical people to assess their cardiac fitness and hence will have a wide range of applications.

Resting heart rate rapid reduction by moderate exercise evolutionarily encoded

BackgroundGlobal physical inactivity pandemic is responsible for more than 5 million deaths annually through its effects on non-communicable diseases. This requires urgent intervention.ObjectiveTo investigate associations of physical activity with cardiovascular fitness in a cross-sectional retrospective observational study. Data were collected for 21 years from 2530 healthy volunteers and athletes representing the entire spectrum of physical activity from the totally inactive sedentary persons to the highly trained national athletes.MethodsSimple echocardiographic parameters of cardiovascular fitness were analyzed. Cardiac fitness was characterized by reduced resting heart rate, increased relative left ventricular muscular mass, improved left ventricular diastolic function and peak exercise oxygen consumption.ResultsWe found that even moderate exercise is associated with improved cardiac fitness. The largest improvement of fitness was observed between the inactive and the least active group, whereas fitness decreased in the highly trained national athletes enduring up to 20 training hours per week.ConclusionsOur finding that moderate exercise is associated with positive changes in sedentary persons makes sense only in the light of evolution. Human endurance running performance capabilities that emerged ~2 million years ago are evolutionary coded and seems to be awakened even by moderate exercise. This finding would help physicians to encourage patients for doable and sustainable behavioral change who are currently inactive and find physical exercise intimidating. (Word count: 218)AbbreviationsCV(cardiovascular)CVD(cardiovascular disease)CVH(cardiovascular health)HD(heart disease)BSA(body surface area)LV(left ventricular)RHR(Resting Heart Rate)Key PointsThis cross-sectional retrospective observational echocardiographic study of 2530 healthy volunteers and athletes representing the entire spectrum of physical activity from the totally inactive sedentary persons to the highly trained national athletes found that it is possible to experience cardiovascular benefits soon after the sedentary persons become physically active. This makes sense only in the light of evolution. With increasing performance level cardiovascular fitness is increased up to a point but then decreased in highly trained national athletes.The non-invasive and simple echocardiographic test could be used to monitor exercise induced positive changes. This would help physicians in their efforts to promote the expansive benefits of exercise in all spectrums of society and encourage patients for doable and sustainable behavioral change.

MELIORATE CARDIO-PULMONARY REHABILITATION UP-TO THE INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

The basic aim of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation (CPR) is to improve the cardiac fitness and enhance the quality of life. Worldwide enormous number of patients has been suffering from cardiopulmonary problem show ever, seek appropriate care. CPR is considered an important component of care for the patients suffering with cardiac problems. For past few years I have been observing the lack of awareness and unavailability of facilities creating a major obstacle in progress of CPR in the country. Pakistani researchers and professionals need to pay attention on the aspect of CPR especially in the tertiary care hospitals where the facilities can easily be provided.