real balance
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2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-101
Author(s):  
D. V. Morozov

The article is devoted to the current internal political situation in Nicaragua. The author analyzes the reasons for the acute socio-political crisis that arose in April 2018, presenting a detailed analysis of a historical background of these events. The author notes that a regime of personal power of President Ortega has been established in the country, relying on bureaucracy and power structures, since it is them playing a key role in preserving Ortega as the country’s President. The paper assesses the alignment of political forces and the general political situation in the opposition camp. The author analyzes the reasons for a number of existing contradictions that plague the opposition bloc of Nicaragua. An analysis of political potential and electoral possibilities of the opposition forces is given. The author predicts a possible scenario for the development of events within the framework of internal political situation in connection with the upcoming elections to be held in November 2021. The author comes to conclusion that the regime of Ortega is weakening and losing its positions, but still retains a margin of safety, which allows him to remain in power. As one of the scenarios for the development of events, the author predicts the possibility of a ‘compromise figure’ coming to power, which, however, does not imply a change in the real balance of power and dominant political figures in state politics.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-268
Author(s):  
Siti Sarawati Johar ◽  
Khairul Azman Mohamad Suhaimy ◽  
Khairol Anuar Kamri ◽  
Fadillah Ismail ◽  
Norizan Rameli ◽  
...  

This article is focused on discussing the importance of strengthening emotional intelligence to achieve more integrated human domains. The discussion is in terms of challenges and resilience of emotional intelligence transformation on the psychological and behavioral impact of youth. Human capital resources among youths are the main thrusts of national development, especially from political, economic, social, and educational aspects. However, the role of youth as agents of change in society would be meaningless if it is a transformation from darkness to brightness, from positive to negative, and from peace to chaos. The important elements that need to be as a knowledgeable youth are not merely intellectual intelligence alone, but also need to have a strong emotional and spiritual intelligence to achieve the positive of emotional, thinking and behavior. Emotional intelligence can be a determining factor in behavior and ideology that is more mature and prosperous among the youth of the country. Therefore, the need to have emotional intelligence is as important as intellectual intelligence to achieve a real balance in life. Positive youth can stand up as a citizen who is full of identity and dare to cope with the competitive world, but also wisely handle whatever challenges. A strong emotional intelligence in the youth can also help transform the country's expectations into reality in the quest for the creation of a first-class human capital.


Ekonomika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-66
Author(s):  
Yasuhito Tanaka

We examine positive or negative real balance effect (or so-called Pigou effect) by falls in the nominal wage rate and the prices of the goods in situations where there is involuntary unemployment using a three-generations overlapping generations model with childhood period and pay-as-you go pension system for the older generation consumers. We will show that if the net savings of the younger generation consumers are larger than their debts due to consumption in their childhood period, there exists positive real balance effect and the employment increases by a fall in the nominal wage rate; on the other hand, if the net savings of the younger generation consumers are smaller than their debts, there exists negative real balance effect and the employment decreases by a fall in the nominal wage rate.


2021 ◽  
pp. 241-258
Author(s):  
Ludwig van den Hauwe

The author of this article draws special attention to two particular claims of the free bankers concerning the supposed working characteristics of a fractional-reserve free banking system which may strike the reader as questionable. The first of these relates to the alleged absence of a real-balance effect under free banking. The second relates to the free bankers’ reference to Walras’ Law as providing a rationale for the free banking system’s «offsetting» actions when confronted with changes in the public’s demand to hold bank liabilities. This rationale is defective since it is based on an erroneous interpretation of Walras’ Law. The author’s conclusion does not imply that it is not at all possible, from a rational viewpoint, to make a plausible case for this variant of free banking, only that the argument should be freed from certain questionable tenets. Key words: Free banking, monetary systems, real-balance effects, Walras’ Law. JEL Classification: E0; E32; E42; E5; E51; E52. Resumen: El autor de esta nota llama la atención sobre dos alegaciones particulares relativas a las supuestas características operativas de una banca libre con reserva fraccionaria que podrían resultar cuestionables al lector. La primera se refiere a la supuesta ausencia de efectos de saldo real en la banca libre. El segundo guarda relación con la referencia de los teóricos de la banca libre con reserva fraccionaria a la Ley de Walras que constituiría la base lógica de las acciones «de compensación» de la banca libre al enfrentarse a cambios en la demanda de medios fiduciarios por parte del público. Esta base lógica es defectuosa puesto que parte de una interpretación errónea de la Ley de Walras. La conclusión del autor no implica que no sea posible en absoluto, desde un punto de vista racional, elaborar una argumentación plausible para esta variante de la banca libre, sino que la argumentación debe estar libre de determinados argumentos cuestionables. Palabras clave: Banca libre, sistemas monetarios, efectos de saldo real, Ley de Walras. Clasificación JEL: E0; E32; E42; E5; E51; E52.


2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 867-868
Author(s):  
Rakavi Rathinasamy ◽  
Amandeep Singh ◽  
Madhumita Premkumar ◽  
Akash Roy ◽  
Shivani Chandel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (55) ◽  
pp. 163-175
Author(s):  
Yasuhito Tanaka

Abstract We show a negative relation between the inflation rate and the unemployment rate, that is, the Phillips curve using a three-period overlapping generations (OLG) model with childhood period and pay-as-you-go pension for older generation under monopolistic competition with negative real balance effect. In a three-period OLG model, there may exist a negative real balance effect because consumers have debts and savings. A fall (or rise) in the nominal wage rate induces a fall (or rise) in the price, then by negative real balance effect, the unemployment rate rises (or falls), and we get a negative relation between the inflation rate and the unemployment rate. This conclusion is based on the premise of utility maximisation of consumers and profit maximisation of firms. Therefore, we present a microeconomic foundation for the Phillips curve. We also examine the effects of fiscal policy financed by seigniorage, which is represented by left-ward shift of the Phillips curve.


Author(s):  
Rehab Abdelmohsen

Abstract This paper deals with writing a story about water, e.g. the River Nile. It suggests that, to find a story, an interesting one, with a new angle, journalists need to be resourceful and attend relevant events related to water. They should then closely follow up news and analyses, especially in local media, while simultaneously keeping an eye on international organizations and subscribing to their mailing lists - and, most importantly, talking informally to experts. It suggests that the writer should put all his knowledge and practice to a difficult test, starting from finding a new idea, then reaching an expert who is willing to give comments, and making a real balance by bringing together all the voices from the different countries and diverse views, and seeking balance and objectivity while writing the story.


2020 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 197-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Benchimol ◽  
Irfan Qureshi

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