Camouflaged Target Detection Based on Snapshot Multispectral Imaging

The spectral information contained in the hyperspectral images (HSI) distinguishes the intrinsic properties of a target from the background, which is widely used in remote sensing. However, the low imaging speed and high data redundancy caused by the high spectral resolution of imaging spectrometers limit their application in scenarios with the real-time requirement. In this work, we achieve the precise detection of camouflaged targets based on snapshot multispectral imaging technology and band selection methods in urban-related scenes. Specifically, the camouflaged target detection algorithm combines the constrained energy minimization (CEM) algorithm and the improved maximum between-class variance (OTSU) algorithm (t-OTSU), which is proposed to obtain the initial target detection results and adaptively segment the target region. Moreover, an object region extraction (ORE) algorithm is proposed to obtain a complete target contour that improves the target detection capability of multispectral images (MSI). The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has the ability to detect different camouflaged targets by using only four bands. The detection accuracy is above 99%, and the false alarm rate is below 0.2%. The research achieves the effective detection of camouflaged targets and has the potential to provide a new means for real-time multispectral sensing in complex scenes.

Obtaining Precise Molecular Information via DNA Nanotechnology

Precise characterization of biomolecular information such as molecular structures or intermolecular interactions provides essential mechanistic insights into the understanding of biochemical processes. As the resolution of imaging-based measurement techniques improves, so does the quantity of molecular information obtained using these methodologies. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecule have been used to build a variety of structures and dynamic devices on the nanoscale over the past 20 years, which has provided an accessible platform to manipulate molecules and resolve molecular information with unprecedented precision. In this review, we summarize recent progress related to obtaining precise molecular information using DNA nanotechnology. After a brief introduction to the development and features of structural and dynamic DNA nanotechnology, we outline some of the promising applications of DNA nanotechnology in structural biochemistry and in molecular biophysics. In particular, we highlight the use of DNA nanotechnology in determination of protein structures, protein–protein interactions, and molecular force.

Application of Historical Geophysical Materials in Searching for Cu-Ag Ore Deposits—A New Direction of Research

This paper presents a new instrument in geological exploration, which uses historical geophysical data for the indication of potential zones of the occurrence of Cu-Ag ore, based on the example of the newly discovered Nowa Sól deposit in south-western Poland. Basic historical seismic and gravimetric data were applied along with transformed maps. The new method of effective reflection coefficients (ERC) allowed the utilization of archival seismic records for a more precise determination of the most vaguely traced interfaces within the Permian Zechstein unit. Compared to an amplitude-based seismic section, an ERC section is characterized by its highly increased resolution of imaging. The tracing of changes in the facies and the tectonics of Zechstein sediments, particularly in a zone of their contact with Rotliegend rocks, along with the new ERC method, enabled the establishing of precise locations of prospecting boreholes. The combined use of ERC and historical well logs also allowed more precise identification of the shape of oxidized areas and the adjacent orebodies.

Clinical and imaging features of reversible splenial lesion syndrome with language disorder

Reversible splenial lesion syndrome (RESLES) is a single-stage non-specific syndrome with unclear pathogenesis. There has been no report on answer delay in patients with RESLES. We report a female patient who was admitted to our department for mixed aphasia accompanied by cognitive impairment. During the rapid improvement of aphasia, there was a clear phase of language output response delay accompanied by resolution of imaging lesions. We analyzed the course and the examination results of the patient and speculated the cause and pathogenesis. RESLES-relevant knowledge was systematically reviewed, which will help doctors in the classification of cerebral function and the diagnosis of RESLES. The specific language and cognitive impairment may be associated with the damage of contact fibers in the bilateral primary and secondary sensory and motor cortices.

Resolution of Osseous Sarcoidosis with Methotrexate

Though a relatively uncommon manifestation of sarcoidosis, some clinicians are tasked with managing osseous involvement of disease, and the optimal treatment approach in this setting is not well established. Previous studies have shown variable efficacy for osseous sarcoidosis utilizing multiple agents alone or in combination, often using imaging follow-up in conjunction with clinical assessment to evaluate response to treatment. We present a case of widespread skeletal involvement of sarcoidosis without evidence of concurrent pulmonary disease demonstrating marked clinical improvement and near-complete resolution of imaging abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) following the use of methotrexate as the primary pharmacologic agent.