All-cause mortality as the primary endpoint for the GRAIL/National Health Service England multi-cancer screening trial

A randomized trial of the GRAIL GalleriTM multi-cancer screening test is being planned for the National Health Service in England, and will have 140,000 healthy participants aged 50–79: 70,000 exposed to screening and 70,000 unexposed. The test reportedly detects 50 different cancers and is expected to reduce all-cancer mortality by approximately 25%. Given this effect size—and that cancer deaths constitute a large fraction of all deaths—the trial is sufficiently large to test the effect on all-cause mortality. Because most patients believe cancer screening “saves lives”, the GRAIL/National Health Service collaboration could set the evaluation standard for multi-cancer screening.

THE ROLE OF OVER THE TOP (OTT) SERVICE ON UTILIZATION OF TELECOMMUNICATION INFRASTRUCTURE BASED ON INDONESIAN TAX AND NON-TAX POLICY

The rapid development of Over the Top (OTT) services has enabled consumers to enjoy high service quality from technology even more. Nevertheless, OTT also brings other effects for telecommunications companies in Indonesia; namely, there are legal problems and obstacles faced regarding regulation and practice of tax and non-tax for OTT business providers because these services do not have a form of cooperation with telecommunications operators. In addition, the model of policies and regulations is still uncertain regarding how the tax and non-tax imposition should be in Indonesia. This study uses a normative juridical research method emphasizing secondary data (library research) with three legal materials, namely primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The research includes data searching and inventory and laws and regulations related to tax and non-tax imposition for OTT services on the utilization of telecommunication infrastructure and other relevant sources. Results of the study determine the extent to which regulations on the tax and non-tax imposition govern OTT media in Indonesia to understand and find the policy and regulatory issues related to tax and non-tax imposition practices faced by OTT business actors. In addition, it also aims to find obstacles in policy formulation and stipulation of tax and non-tax regulations for OTT business actors in Indonesia. Further, it seeks to find a tax and non-tax policies and regulations model for OTT business actors in Indonesia through a service collaboration, comparative, and normative approaches. Hence, this will also open up opportunities to increase state revenue from the imposition of tax and non-tax from all OTT service providers, both national and international.

What drives an innovative behaviour of sustainable community-based enterprises? Insights from a qualitative case study

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the drivers of innovative behaviour of sustainable community-based enterprises (SCBEs) in the Mahasarakham province, Thailand. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on insights from a qualitative case study method, this paper uses a purposive sampling technique with 30 SCBEs from December 2019 to December 2020. This study uses in-depth interviews and applied content analysis (e.g. theme, categorisation, quotation and coding), using the ATLAS.ti software. Findings This case study shows that transforming the community into an enterprise is related to creation, venture and innovative management, sustained in community-based enterprises. The findings reveal that innovative behaviour is associated with intention, thinking, orientation, product development, service, collaboration, competition and technology, which drives SCBEs. Originality/value This study contributes to the understanding of community-based group and cooperative community-based enterprise with innovative behaviour, which can drive SCBEs growth.

Price-Directed Cost Sharing and Demand Allocation Among Service Providers with Multiple Demand Sources and Multiple Facilities

Problem definition: We consider capacity sharing through demand allocation among firms with multiple demand sources and multiple service facilities. Firms decide on the allocation of demand from different sources to different facilities to minimize delay costs and service-fulfillment costs possibly subject to service-level requirements. If firms decide to operate collectively as a coalition, they must also decide on a scheme for sharing the total cost. Academic/practical relevance: We study capacity sharing through demand allocation in service systems in the presence of service-fulfillment costs. Our problem is motivated by service collaboration in healthcare involving public–private partnerships. Methodology: We formulate the problem as a cooperative game and identify a cost allocation that is in the core. Results: The cost-allocation scheme we identify is price-directed, and the cost of each firm consists of three components: (1) the delay cost incurred within the firm; (2) a cost paid for the capacity used by the firm at facilities owned by other firms; and (3) a payment received for fulfilling demand of other firms at facilities owned by the firm. Interestingly, we show that the cost-allocation scheme is equivalent to a market equilibrium—that is, it can be implemented in a decentralized fashion. We extend our analysis to settings where the capacity of each facility is endogenously determined and to settings where a service-priority policy is deployed. Our results are robust to a variety of generalizations: partial sharing, partial transfer, facilities modeled as general queueing systems, and convex delay costs. Managerial implications: Our findings provide guidelines for and insights into how to carry out demand allocation and cost sharing among different firms in the presence of service-fulfillment costs to foster service collaboration. In particular, the equilibrium market prices can be viewed as the prices/subsidies for service collaboration in a public–private partnership.

Exploring Collective Leadership and Co-Production

This chapter explores coproduction through a collective leadership lens. It draws from the public administration and leadership fields and a 2019 empirical study of public service collaboration in Scotland, UK. It is suggested that tensions generated by working within a new public management model combined with frustrations felt from current collaborative practice have motivated an exploration into alternative conceptions of leadership and different ways of working when collaborating. The findings reveal that collaboration can be strengthened through the application of four key processual and attitudinal modifications. This approach is described as working in an emergent and relational way while applying a systems and inquiry mindset. It is the effect of the sum of these parts that boosts the intensity of collaborative work, offering a number of benefits, including an enriched and dynamic coproduction process embedded within its practice.