Modern aspects of diagnosis of the abdominal gun-shot woundings. Experience of a hybrid war in the East of Ukraine

Objective. To raise the efficacy of radiological diagnosis of the gun-shot abdominal woundings, using modern highly informative methods of medical visualization with determination of their sensitivity and specificity. Materials and methods. Retrospective analysis was done of the results of radiological diagnosis, endovideosurgical and invasive interventions under the radiological methods guidance in 70 injured persons with the gun-shot abdominal woundings, to whom a qualified surgical aid with some elements of specialized help was delivered in 2014-2020 yrs. Average age of the injured persons have constituted 30 complete years old. There were 68 (97.1%) men and 2 (2.9%) women. The results of digital roentgenography, ultrasonographic diagnosis, laparoscopy/laparocentesis, thoracoscopy/thoracocentesis, the puncture-draining interventions under the radiological methods guidance in the injured persons with the gun-shot abdominal woundings were compared to results of the multidetector computed tomography with dynamical contrasted enhancement as a “gold standard” of diagnosis of the gun-shot abdominal woundings and criterion of the foreign bodies visualization (metallic shrapnel, bullets, fragments of bone, drains etc.). Results. The main mechanism of damage in the affected persons with the gun-shot abdominal woundings were shrapnel, created as a result of application of various kinds of the gun-shot and explosive weapons. The part of the gun-shot shrapnel woundings statistically significantly prevailed over part of the bullet and explosive woundings. In accordance to the wound channel kind, the part of blind woundings have had prevailed over parts of the through and multiple woundings statistically significantly (p < 0,05). On a mobile tactical level the rate of application of ultrasonic diagnosis and digital roentgenography for primary selection and diagnostic monitoring was statistically significantly (p < 0.05) higher, than of other methods of medical visualization, what may be explained by improvement and optimization of the treatment and diagnosis tactics, application of urgent sonography in trauma and other modified protocols. Optimal diagnostic system was determined in accordance to indices of sensitivity and specificity of the medical visualization methods, endovideosurgical and puncture-draining interventions under the radiological methods of control - the multidetector computed tomography with dynamical contrasted enhancement. Conclusion. High sensitivity (99%) and specificity (98%) of the multidetector computed tomography with dynamical contrasted enhancement permits to apply it as a method of medical visualization of the gun-shot abdominal woundings for diagnostic selection of wounded persons and the diagnosis establishment.

Marching Cubes and Histogram Pyramids for 3D Medical Visualization

This paper aims to implement histogram pyramids with marching cubes method for 3D medical volumetric rendering. The histogram pyramids are used for feature extraction by segmenting the image into the hierarchical order like the pyramid shape. The histogram pyramids can decrease the number of sparse matrixes that will occur during voxel manipulation. The important feature of the histogram pyramids is the direction of segments in the image. Then this feature will be used for connecting pixels (2D) to form up voxel (3D) during marching cubes implementation. The proposed method is fast and easy to implement and it also produces a smooth result (compared to the traditional marching cubes technique). The experimental results show the time consuming for generating 3D model can be reduced by 15.59% in average. The paper also shows the comparison between the surface rendering using the traditional marching cubes and the marching cubes with histogram pyramids. Therefore, for the volumetric rendering such as 3D medical models and terrains where a large number of lookups in 3D grids are performed, this method is a particularly good choice for generating the smooth surface of 3D object.

Marching Cubes and Histogram Pyramids for 3D Medical Visualization

This paper aims to implement histogram pyramids with marching cubes method for 3D medical volumetric rendering. The histogram pyramids are used for feature extraction by segmenting the image into the hierarchical order like the pyramid shape. The histogram pyramids can decrease the number of sparse matrixes that will occur during voxel manipulation. The important feature of the histogram pyramids is the direction of segments in the image. This feature will be then used for connecting pixels (2D) to form up voxel (3D) during marching cubes implementation. The proposed method is fast and easy to implement and it also produces a smooth result (compared to the traditional marching cubes technique). The experimental results show that time consuming for generating 3D model can be reduced by 15.59% in average. The paper also shows the comparison between the surface rendering using the traditional marching cubes and the marching cubes with histogram pyramids. Therefore, for the volumetric rendering such as 3D medical models and terrains where a large number of lookups in 3D grids are performed, this method is a particularly good choice for generating the smooth surface of 3D object.

An Interactive Mixed Reality Ray Tracing Rendering Mobile Application of Medical Data in Minimally Invasive Surgeries

Visualization of patient’s anatomy is the most important pre-operation process in surgeries, minimally invasive surgeries are among these types of medical operations that counts totally on medical visualization before operating on a patient. However, medicine has a problem in visualizing patients’ through looking through multiple slices of scans, trying to understand the three-dimensional (3D) anatomical structure of patients. With Mixed Reality (MR) the developments in medicine visualization will become much easier and creates a better environment for surgeries. This will help reduce the excessive effort and time spent by surgeons to locate where the problem lies with patients without looking through multiple of two-dimensional (2D) slices, but to see patients’ bodies in 3D in front of them augmented in their reality, and to interact with it whatever pleases them. Moreover, this will reduce the number of scans that doctors will ask their patient’s for, which will result in less harmful x-ray dosages for both the patient and the radiologist. Biomedical development in medical visualization is an active research topic as it provides the physicians with required devices for clinically feasible way for diagnosis, follow-up and take decisions in different disease life line. Current clinical imaging facility can provide a 3D imaging that can be used to guide different interventional procedures. The main challenge is how to map the information presented in the digital image with the real object. This is commonly implemented by mental processing that requires skills from the medical doctor. This paper contributes to this problem by providing a mixed reality system to merge the digital image of the patient anatomy with the patient visual image. Anatomical image obtained from Computed Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is mapped over the patient body using virtual reality (VR) head-mounted device (HMD).

An Interactive Mixed Reality Ray Tracing Rendering Mobile Application of Medical Data in Minimally Invasive Surgeries

<p class="0abstract">Visualization of patient’s anatomy is the most important pre-operation process in surgeries, minimally invasive surgeries are among these types of medical operations that counts totally on medical visualization before operating on a patient. However, medicine has a problem in visualizing patients’ through looking through multiple slices of scans, trying to understand the three-dimensional (3D) anatomical structure of patients. With Mixed Reality (MR) the developments in medicine visualization will become much easier and creates a better environment for surgeries. This will help reduce the excessive effort and time spent by surgeons to locate where the problem lies with patients without looking through multiple of two-dimensional (2D) slices, but to see patients’ bodies in 3D in front of them augmented in their reality, and to interact with it whatever pleases them. Moreover, this will reduce the number of scans that doctors will ask their patient’s for, which will result in less harmful x-ray dosages for both the patient and the radiologist. Biomedical development in medical visualization is an active research topic as it provides the physicians with required devices for clinically feasible way for diagnosis, follow-up and take decisions in different disease life line. Current clinical imaging facility can provide a 3D imaging that can be used to guide different interventional procedures. The main challenge is how to map the information presented in the digital image with the real object. This is commonly implemented by mental processing that requires skills from the medical doctor. This paper contributes to this problem by providing a mixed reality system to merge the digital image of the patient anatomy with the patient visual image. Anatomical image obtained from Computed Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is mapped over the patient body using virtual reality (VR) head-mounted device (HMD).</p>