scholarly journals An Interactive Mixed Reality Ray Tracing Rendering Mobile Application of Medical Data in Minimally Invasive Surgeries

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (06) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Samir Abou El-Seoud ◽  
Amr S. Mady ◽  
Essam A. Rashed
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Mixed Reality ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Medical Doctor ◽  
Medical Visualization ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Operation Process ◽  
Active Research

Visualization of patient’s anatomy is the most important pre-operation process in surgeries, minimally invasive surgeries are among these types of medical operations that counts totally on medical visualization before operating on a patient. However, medicine has a problem in visualizing patients’ through looking through multiple slices of scans, trying to understand the three-dimensional (3D) anatomical structure of patients. With Mixed Reality (MR) the developments in medicine visualization will become much easier and creates a better environment for surgeries. This will help reduce the excessive effort and time spent by surgeons to locate where the problem lies with patients without looking through multiple of two-dimensional (2D) slices, but to see patients’ bodies in 3D in front of them augmented in their reality, and to interact with it whatever pleases them. Moreover, this will reduce the number of scans that doctors will ask their patient’s for, which will result in less harmful x-ray dosages for both the patient and the radiologist. Biomedical development in medical visualization is an active research topic as it provides the physicians with required devices for clinically feasible way for diagnosis, follow-up and take decisions in different disease life line. Current clinical imaging facility can provide a 3D imaging that can be used to guide different interventional procedures. The main challenge is how to map the information presented in the digital image with the real object. This is commonly implemented by mental processing that requires skills from the medical doctor. This paper contributes to this problem by providing a mixed reality system to merge the digital image of the patient anatomy with the patient visual image. Anatomical image obtained from Computed Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is mapped over the patient body using virtual reality (VR) head-mounted device (HMD).

scholarly journals An Interactive Mixed Reality Ray Tracing Rendering Mobile Application of Medical Data in Minimally Invasive Surgeries

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Samir Abou El-Seoud ◽  
Amr Mady ◽  
Essam Rashed
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Mixed Reality ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Medical Doctor ◽  
Medical Visualization ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Operation Process ◽  
Active Research

<p class="0abstract">Visualization of patient’s anatomy is the most important pre-operation process in surgeries, minimally invasive surgeries are among these types of medical operations that counts totally on medical visualization before operating on a patient. However, medicine has a problem in visualizing patients’ through looking through multiple slices of scans, trying to understand the three-dimensional (3D) anatomical structure of patients. With Mixed Reality (MR) the developments in medicine visualization will become much easier and creates a better environment for surgeries. This will help reduce the excessive effort and time spent by surgeons to locate where the problem lies with patients without looking through multiple of two-dimensional (2D) slices, but to see patients’ bodies in 3D in front of them augmented in their reality, and to interact with it whatever pleases them. Moreover, this will reduce the number of scans that doctors will ask their patient’s for, which will result in less harmful x-ray dosages for both the patient and the radiologist. Biomedical development in medical visualization is an active research topic as it provides the physicians with required devices for clinically feasible way for diagnosis, follow-up and take decisions in different disease life line. Current clinical imaging facility can provide a 3D imaging that can be used to guide different interventional procedures. The main challenge is how to map the information presented in the digital image with the real object. This is commonly implemented by mental processing that requires skills from the medical doctor. This paper contributes to this problem by providing a mixed reality system to merge the digital image of the patient anatomy with the patient visual image. Anatomical image obtained from Computed Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is mapped over the patient body using virtual reality (VR) head-mounted device (HMD).</p>

scholarly journals An Overview on the Rheology, Mechanical Properties, Durability, 3D Printing, and Microstructural Performance of Nanomaterials in Cementitious Composites

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2950
Author(s):  
Hongwei Song ◽  
Xinle Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Cementitious Composites ◽  
Split Tensile Strength ◽  
Contour Crafting ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Active Research

The most active research area is nanotechnology in cementitious composites, which has a wide range of applications and has achieved popularity over the last three decades. Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as possible materials to be used in the field of civil engineering. Previous research has concentrated on evaluating the effect of different NPs in cementitious materials to alter material characteristics. In order to provide a broad understanding of how nanomaterials (NMs) can be used, this paper critically evaluates previous research on the influence of rheology, mechanical properties, durability, 3D printing, and microstructural performance on cementitious materials. The flow properties of fresh cementitious composites can be measured using rheology and slump. Mechanical properties such as compressive, flexural, and split tensile strength reveal hardened properties. The necessary tests for determining a NM’s durability in concrete are shrinkage, pore structure and porosity, and permeability. The advent of modern 3D printing technologies is suitable for structural printing, such as contour crafting and binder jetting. Three-dimensional (3D) printing has opened up new avenues for the building and construction industry to become more digital. Regardless of the material science, a range of problems must be tackled, including developing smart cementitious composites suitable for 3D structural printing. According to the scanning electron microscopy results, the addition of NMs to cementitious materials results in a denser and improved microstructure with more hydration products. This paper provides valuable information and details about the rheology, mechanical properties, durability, 3D printing, and microstructural performance of cementitious materials with NMs and encourages further research.

scholarly journals The concept of “Four Walls, Two Poles” in the lesions of the thalamus and ganglion regions: case report and literature review

BMC Surgery ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyang Yang ◽  
Gang Bai ◽  
Yongli Zhang ◽  
Guolong Chen ◽  
Lei Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Surgical Resection ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Surgical Results ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Operation Process ◽  
Thalamic Glioma

Abstract Background There are few articles about the surgical techniques of thalamic glioma and the lesions in the basal ganglia area. According to three existing cases and the literature review (Twelve articles were summarized which mainly described the surgical techniques), we discuss the surgical characteristics of lesions of the thalamus and basal ganglia area and summarize the relevant surgical skills. Case presentation Of the three cases, two were thalamic gliomas and one was brain abscess in basal ganglia. According to the three-dimensional concept of the “Four Walls, Two Poles”, lesions of the thalamus and basal ganglia were surgically removed, and the operative effect was analysed by relevant surgical techniques. Surgical resection of the lesions of the thalamus and basal ganglia area according to the three-dimensional concept of the “Four Walls, Two Poles” has achieved good surgical results. Relevant surgical techniques, such as the use of retractors, the use of aspirators, the choice of surgical approaches, and the haemostasis strategy, also played an important role in the operation process. Conclusions In the presented three cases the three-dimensional concept of the “Four Walls, Two Poles” allowed for safe surgical resection of lesions of the thalamus and basal ganglia.

scholarly journals 3D mixed-reality visualization of medical imaging data as a supporting tool for innovative, minimally invasive surgery for gastrointestinal tumors and systemic treatment as a new path in personalized treatment of advanced cancer diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryszard Wierzbicki ◽  
Maria Pawłowicz ◽  
Józefa Job ◽  
Robert Balawender ◽  
Wojciech Kostarczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive Surgery ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Invasive Surgery ◽  
Mixed Reality ◽  
Systemic Treatment ◽  
Irreversible Electroporation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tumors ◽  
Personalized Treatment ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Supporting Tool

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of a combination of 3D mixed-reality visualization of medical images using CarnaLife Holo (MedApp, Poland) system as a supporting tool for innovative, minimally invasive surgery/irreversible electroporation—IRA, Nano-Knife), microwave ablation (MWA)/for advanced gastrointestinal tumors. Eight liver and pancreatic tumor treatments were performed. In all of the patients undergoing laparoscopy or open surgery volume and margin were estimated by preoperative visualization. In all patients, neoplastic lesions were considered unresectable by standard methods. Methods Preoperative CT or MRI were transformed into holograms and displayed thanks to the HoloLens 2. During operation, the surgeon’s field of view was augmented with a 3D model of the patient’s relevant structures. Results The intraoperative hologram contributed to better presentation of tumor size and locations, more precise setting of needles used to irreversible electroporation and for determining ablation line in case of liver metastases. Surgeons could easily compare the real patient's anatomy to holographic visualization just before the operations. Conclusions The combination of 3D mixed-reality visualization using CarnaLife Holo with IRA, MWA and next systemic treatment (chemotherapy) might be a new way in personalized treatment of advanced cancers.

Accuracy of Patient-Specific 3D Printed Drill Guides in the Placement of a Canine Coxofemoral Toggle Pin through a Minimally Invasive Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett G. Darrow ◽  
Kyle A. Snowdon ◽  
Adrien Hespel
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bone Tunnel ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Exit Point ◽  
Minimally Invasive Approach ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Post Procedure ◽  
Drill Guide ◽  
Ct Data

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of patient-specific three-dimensional printed drill guides (3D-PDG) for the placement of a coxofemoral toggle via a minimally invasive approach. Materials and Methods Pre-procedure computed tomography (CT) data of 19 canine cadaveric hips were used to design a cadaver-specific 3D-PDG that conformed to the proximal femur. Femoral and acetabular bone tunnels were drilled through the 3D-PDG, and a coxofemoral toggle pin was placed. The accuracy of tunnel placement was evaluated with post-procedure CT and gross dissection. Results Coxofemoral toggle pins were successfully placed in all dogs. Mean exit point translation at the fovea capitis was 2.5 mm (0.2–7.5) when comparing pre- and post-procedure CT scans. Gross dissection revealed the bone tunnel exited the fovea capitis inside (3/19), partially inside (12/19) and outside of (4/19) the ligament of the head of the femur. Placement of the bone tunnel through the acetabulum was inside (16/19), partially inside (1/19) and outside (2/19) of the acetabular fossa. Small 1 to 2 mm articular cartilage fragments were noted in 10 of 19 specimens. Clinical Significance Three-dimensional printed drill guide designed for coxofemoral toggle pin application is feasible. Errors are attributed to surgical execution and identification of the borders of the fovea capitis on CT data. Future studies should investigate modifications to 3D-PDG design and methods. Three-dimensional printed drill guide for coxofemoral toggle pin placement warrants consideration for use in select clinical cases of traumatic coxofemoral luxation.

Percutaneous Kidney Puncture with Three-dimensional Mixed-reality Hologram Guidance: From Preoperative Planning to Intraoperative Navigation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Porpiglia ◽  
Enrico Checcucci ◽  
Daniele Amparore ◽  
Dario Peretti ◽  
Federico Piramide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Reality ◽  
Preoperative Planning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Intraoperative Navigation

scholarly journals Digital Imaging as a Possible Approach in Evaluation of Islet Yield

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Girman ◽  
Jan Kříž ◽  
Jozef Friedmanský ◽  
FrantišEk Saudek
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Digital Image Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
New Method ◽  
Important Method ◽  
Three Dimensional Objects ◽  
Significant Difference

Digital image analysis (DIA) is a new method in assessment of islet amount, which is expected to provide reliable and consistent results. We compared this method with conventional counting of small numbers of rat islets. Islets were isolated from 8 pancreases and counted in 24 samples in duplicate, first routinely by sizing according to estimated diameters under a calibrated reticule and then by processing of islets pictures taken by camera. As presumed, no significant difference was found in absolute numbers of islets per sample between DIA and conventional assessment. Volumes of islets per sample measured by DIA were on average more than 10% higher than amounts evaluated conventionally, which was statistically significant. DIA has been shown to be an important method to remove operator bias and provide consistent results. Evaluation of only two dimensions of three-dimensional objects still represents a certain limitation of this technique. With lowering of computer prices the system could become easily available for islet laboratories.

Bone-mounted Miniature Robotic Guidance for Pedicle Screw and Translaminar Facet Screw Placement: Part 2—Evaluation of System Accuracy

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (suppl_2) ◽  
pp. ONS-129-ONS-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Togawa ◽  
Mark M. Kayanja ◽  
Mary K. Reinhardt ◽  
Moshe Shoham ◽  
Alin Balter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Average Deviation ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
External Frame ◽  
K Wires ◽  
Preoperative Plan

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of a novel bone-mounted miniature robotic system for percutaneous placement of pedicle and translaminar facet screws. Methods: Thirty-five spinal levels in 10 cadavers were instrumented. Each cadaver's entire torso was scanned before the procedure. Surgeons planned optimal entry points and trajectories for screws on reconstructed three-dimensional virtual x-rays of each vertebra. Either a clamp or a minimally invasive external frame was attached to the bony anatomy. Anteroposterior and lateral fluoroscopic images using targeting devices were obtained and automatically registered with the virtual x-rays of each vertebra generated from the computed tomographic scan obtained before the procedure. A miniature robot was mounted onto the clamp and external frame and the system controlled the robot's motions to align the cannulated drill guide along the planned trajectory. A drill bit was introduced through the cannulated guide and a hole was drilled through the cortex. Then, K-wires were introduced and advanced through the same cannulated guide and left inside the cadaver. The cadavers were scanned with computed tomography after the procedure and the system's accuracy was evaluated in three planes, comparing K-wire positions with the preoperative plan. A total of fifty-five procedures were evaluated. Results: Twenty-nine of 32 K-wires and all four screws were placed with less than 1.5 mm of deviation; average deviation was 0.87 ± 0.63 mm (range, 0-1.7 mm) from the preoperative plan in this group. Sixteen of 19 K-wires were placed with less than 1.5 mm of deviation. There was one broken and one bent K-wire. Another K-wire was misplaced because of collision with the previously placed wire on the contralateral side of the same vertebra because of a mistake in planning, resulting in a 6.5-mm deviation. When this case was excluded, average deviation was 0.82 ± 0.65 mm (range, 0-1.5 mm). Conclusion: These results verify the system's accuracy and support its use for minimally invasive spine surgery in selected patients.

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