Soil Classification and Crop Prediction

Agribusiness is the core of numerous nations and soil is the primary significant component of horticulture. There are diverse soil sorts and every sort has various highlights for various yields. In this field, presently a day's various techniques and models are utilized to build the amount of the harvests. So the primary motivation behind this of this task is to make a model that assists ranchers with realizing which harvest should take in a specific kind of soil. In this task, we measure the dirt pictures to produce an advanced soil characterization framework for rustic ranchers for minimal price. Tensorflow climate is utilized from this we can download the necessary bundles. We are utilizing two datasets, that is preparing set comprises of four sorts of soil Alluvial, Red, Dark, Earth and train set. Soil surface is the principle factor to be considered prior to doing development. In this methodology, we can gather 50 examples from the various areas of our country. The examples are shot under light condition utilizing an any camera. Soil pictures are handled through the various stages like Convolution layer is to separate highlights from the info picture, Max pool layer is to decrease the spatial component of the information volume for next layers, Drop out layer is arbitrarily sets input units to 0 with a recurrence of rate at each progression during preparing time, which forestalls over fitting, and different layers.

Caracterização dos solos no município de morada nova: usos e vulnerabilidades / Soil characterization in the municipality of morada nova: uses and vulnerabilities

O município de Morada Nova localizado na região Vale do Jaguaribe no estado do Ceará possui solos classificados segundo o Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos da Embrapa como planossolos, argissolos, neossolos litólicos e flúvicos. Esses solos reunem condições satisfatórias para a realização de cultivos agrícolas como a ocorrência em relevos suaves a plano que permitem o uso de implementos agrícolas, profundidade adequada para o bom desenvolvimento das raízes, alta fertilidade natural e boa estrutura física. Neste sentido a agricultura se constitui numa atividade econômica que pode trazer benefícios para os agricultores locais, contudo a salinidade e a erosão nos solos da região são as principais formas de degradação dos solos que podem contribuir negativamente para a produção agrícola e tornar as áreas agricultáveis em improdutivas. Visualizou-se através de estudos estatísticos, de teses e dissertações que o Brasil tem uma produção agrícola convincente em várias commodities, contudo o manejo inadequado dos solos pode comprometer essa produção à medida que essas áreas se tornarem degradada.

Tangguh Project: In-Service Buckling Design of Offshore Pipelines With Major Uncertainties on Soil Characterization and Seabed Mobility

This paper is based on the experience made during the design and installation of an offshore pipeline recently completed in Indonesia, where a 24” subsea production pipeline (16km long in 70m water depth) was found susceptible during design to lateral buckling. Buckling is a well understood phenomenon. However, this project was characterized by major uncertainties mainly driven by soil characterization, soil zonation, soil-pipe interaction, seabed mobility and seabed liquefaction. These uncertainties have played a key role in the in-service buckling design. In particular, extreme pipeline embedment scenarios ranging from fully exposed to fully covered (due to natural sand transportation) were accounted with a significant impact on soil-pipe interaction. To limit the development of excessive strain within the acceptance criteria, a mitigation strategy based on interacting planned buckles has been adopted installing three Buckle Initiators (BI) along the pipeline route. During design great efforts have been spent with the aim to demonstrate the robustness of the proposed solution. 3-D FEM simulations with ABAQUS have been performed taking into account the pipeline route including route curves and the sea bottom profile and the buckle initiators with their main geometries. All uncertainties have been considered following a deterministic approach. The impact of environmental and accidental loads due to a potential trawl-gear interaction were assessed as well. The pipeline susceptibility to lateral and/or upheaval buckling along the sandwave areas has been analyzed as well in order to evaluate the need of mitigation measures suitable to freeze the pipeline configuration during the operating life. Finally, once the lateral buckling design philosophy was established, the cyclic expansion and walking behavior of the pipeline were assessed to verify the pipeline structural integrity at buckles, route curve pull-out and the accumulative pipeline expansion at spools. This paper presents all main engineering aspects faced during design and first feedbacks from field after the pipeline installation.

Sensitivity of Earthquake Damage Estimation to the Input Data (Soil Characterization Maps and Building Exposure): Case Study in the Luchon Valley, France

This article studies the effects of the soil data and exposure data of residential building inventories, as well as their spatial resolution, on seismic damage and loss estimates for a given earthquake scenario. Our aim is to investigate how beneficial it would be to acquire higher resolution inventories at the cost of additional effort and resources. Seismic damage computations are used to evaluate the relative influence of varying spatial resolution on a given damage model, where other parameters were held constant. We use soil characterization maps and building exposure inventories, provided at different scales from different sources: the European database, a national dataset at the municipality scale, and local field investigations. Soil characteristics are used to evaluate site effects and to assign amplification factors to the strong motion applied to the exposed areas. Exposure datasets are used to assign vulnerability indices to sets of buildings, from which a damage distribution is produced (based on the applied seismic intensity). The different spatial resolutions are benchmarked in a case-study area which is subject to moderate-to-average seismicity levels (Luchon valley in the Pyrénées, France). It was found that the proportion of heavily damaged buildings is underestimated when using the European soil map and the European building database, while the more refined databases (national/regional vs. local maps) result in similar estimates for moderate earthquake scenarios. Finally, we highlight the importance of pooling open access data from different sources, but caution the challenges of combining different datasets, especially depending on the type of application that is pursued (e.g., for risk mitigation or rapid response tools).

Soil Characterization and Classification in an Upland of Southern Guinea Savannah Zone of Nigeria

Background: Soil characterization and classification is the foundation for sustainable land use and management. Upland soils are important in areas of high elevation and undulating terrain. This study characterized and classified Soils of an upland in southern guinea savannah of Nigeria.Methods: The prominent elevation points of the area were read with GPS device and four locations identified were labelled: UP1, UP2, UP3 and UP4. Profile pits were dug in each location, described for the morphological properties and sampled for laboratory analysis of soil physico-chemical properties.Result: The soils were slightly to strongly acidic with pH of 5.29 to 6.11, had low organic matter ranged of 1.52 to 1.79% and low soil nutrient reserve with the effective cation exchange capacity (CEC) of 5.9 to 9.26 mol kg-1. In-situ soil development, transportation and deposition of materials were the major soil formation processes in the area. The soils were classified as Alfisols and were marginally suitable (S3) for yam.