Laporan Kasus: Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus pada Kucing Lokal Jantan yang Mengalami Asites

Feline infectious peritonitis merupakan infeksi virus pada kucing dengan tanda klinis terjadi asites pada bentuk efusif. Asites merupakan bentuk umum keadaan sistemik yang ditandai dengan adanya distensi abdomen yang disebabkan karena adanya akumulasi cairan. Seekor kucing lokal berumur 1 (satu) tahun dengan bobot badan 4 kg bernama Minmin datang ke Rumah Sakit Hewan Pendidikan Universitas Udayana dengan keluhan terjadi penurunan nafsu makan, lemas, susah defekasi dan rongga abdomen membesar. Pada pemeriksaan fisik diketahui adanya distensi abdomen. Untuk peneguhan diagnosis dilakukan pemeriksaan ultrasonografi, rontgen, dan abdominocentesis dan diperoleh hasil bahwa terjadi akumulasi cairan pada rongga abdomen, hepatomegali, dan nefritis. Dilakukan pemeriksaan hematologi rutin dan biokimia darah yang menunjukkan adanya peradangan kronis dan abnormalitas fungsi ginjal. Hasil uji rivalta menunjukkan hasil positif akumulasi eksudat yang ditandai dengan bentukan jellyfish like. Terapi yang diberikan berupa pemberian diuretik furosemide 10 mg/ml injeksi intravena dengan jumlah pemberian 0,45 ml (2 x sehari), hepatoprotektor ornipural injeksi subkutan dengan jumlah pemberian 2 ml (setiap 2 hari sekali), nefroprotektor ketosteril per oral dengan jumlah pemberian ½ tablet (setiap 2 hari sekali), antibiotik cefotaxim sodium 1g/ml injeksi intravena dengan jumlah pemberian 1,3 ml (2 x sehari), antiradang dexamethasone 5mg/ml injeksi subkutan dengan jumlah 0,4ml (2 x sehari), dan transfer factor 1 x 1 tablet selama 7 hari. Pengobatan yang diberikan memberikan hasil yang baik terhadap penurunan derajat distensi abdomen.

Virucidal Efficacy of Blue LED and Far-UVC Light Disinfection against Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus as a Model for SARS-CoV-2

Transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) occurs through respiratory droplets passed directly from person to person or indirectly through fomites, such as common use surfaces or objects. The aim of this study was to determine the virucidal efficacy of blue LED (405 nm) and far-UVC (222 nm) light in comparison to standard UVC (254 nm) irradiation for the inactivation of feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) on different matrices as a model for SARS-CoV-2. Wet or dried FIPV on stainless steel, plastic, or paper discs, in the presence or absence of artificial saliva, were exposed to various wavelengths of light for different time periods (1–90 min). Dual activity of blue LED and far-UVC lights were virucidal for most wet and dried FIPV within 4 to 16 min on all matrices. Individual action of blue LED and far-UVC lights were virucidal for wet FIPV but required longer irradiation times (8–90 min) to reach a 4-log reduction. In comparison, LED (265 nm) and germicidal UVC (254 nm) were virucidal on almost all matrices for both wet and dried FIPV within 1 min exposure. UVC was more effective for the disinfection of surfaces as compared to blue LED and far-UVC individually or together. However, dual action of blue LED and far-UVC was virucidal. This combination of lights could be used as a safer alternative to traditional UVC.

Addendum: Ng, S.W. et al. Cellular Metabolic Profiling of CrFK Cells Infected with Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus Using Phenotype Microarrays. Pathogens 2020, 9, 412

The authors wish to add another citation to the published paper [...]

Cellular Metabolic Profiling of CrFK Cells Infected with Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus Using Phenotype Microarrays

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal feline immune-mediated disease caused by feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV). Little is known about the biological pathways associated in FIP pathogenesis. This is the first study aiming to determine the phenotypic characteristics on the cellular level in relation to specific metabolic pathways of importance to FIP pathogenesis. Methods: The internalization of type II FIPV WSU 79-1146 in Crandell-Rees Feline Kidney (CrFK) cells was visualized using a fluorescence microscope, and optimization prior to phenotype microarray (PM) study was performed. Then, four types of Biolog Phenotype MicroArray™ plates (PM-M1 to PM-M4) precoated with different carbon and nitrogen sources were used to determine the metabolic profiles in FIPV-infected cells. Results: The utilization of palatinose was significantly low in FIPV-infected cells; however, there were significant increases in utilizing melibionic acid, L-glutamine, L-glutamic acid and alanyl-glutamine (Ala-Gln) compared to non-infected cells. Conclusion: This study has provided the first insights into the metabolic profiling of a feline coronavirus infection in vitro using PMs and deduced that glutamine metabolism is one of the essential metabolic pathways for FIPV infection and replication. Further studies are necessary to develop strategies to target the glutamine metabolic pathway in FIPV infection.

Epicarditis in a cat caused by feline infectious peritonitis virus: case report

ABSTRACT Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) is a progressive and fatal disease in domestic and wild cats, caused by Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus (FIPV). The disease is characterized by an immunomediated reaction against the virus in various organs. This work described a case report of fibrinous epicarditis caused by FIPV. A male cat, three years old, died and was received to be necropsied. Grossly, soft, multifocal to coalescing, whitish fibrinous exudate, measuring up the 2 centimeters of thickness, was observed in the epicardium, mostly at the apex of the heart. Microscopically, severe, multifocal to coalescing inflammatory infiltrate was observed in the epicardium, composed mainly by macrophages, plasmocytes and lymphocytes, associated with fibrin deposition. Immunohistochemistry was performed for FIPV and was positive in the areas of inflammation in the epicardium. To the author´s knowledge, this is the second report of epicarditis due to FIPV in a cat. Therefore, epicarditis should be considered a differential diagnosis of cardiac diseases in Feline Medicine.

In Vivo Antiviral Effects of U18666A Against Type I Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus

Background: The cationic amphiphilic drug U18666A inhibits the proliferation of type I FIPV in vitro. In this study, we evaluated the in vivo antiviral effects of U18666A by administering it to SPF cats challenged with type I FIPV. Methods: Ten SPF cats were randomly assigned to two experimental groups. FIPV KU-2 were inoculated intraperitoneally to cats. The control group was administered PBS, and the U18666A-treated group was administered U18666A subcutaneously at 2.5 mg/kg on day 0, and 1.25 mg/kg on days 2 and 4 after viral inoculation. Results: Two of the five control cats administered PBS alone developed FIP. Four of the five cats administered U18666A developed no signs of FIP. One cat that temporarily developed fever, had no other clinical symptoms, and no gross lesion was noted on an autopsy after the end of the experiment. The FIPV gene was detected intermittently in feces and saliva regardless of the development of FIP or administration of U18666A. Conclusions: When U18666A was administered to cats experimentally infected with type I FIPV, the development of FIP might be suppressed compared with the control group. However, the number of animals with FIP is too low to establish anti-viral effect of U18666A in cats.