Mapping Atmospheric Mercury in Lampung Province, Indonesia Using Bark of Multipurpose Tree Species

The use of mercury in gold refining causes air pollution and results in the contamination of multipurpose tree species (MPTS). Tree bark has properties that cause it to store mercury for quite a long time. The purpose of this study was to determine mercury contamination of MPTS and map the mercury contamination distribution in the atmosphere using tree barks as bioindicators. Sampling was performed using purposive sampling. The mercury concentration was obtained by atomic absorption spectroscopy, and the highest THg contents were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. The analysis was carried out by gauging total mercury (THg), distance, elevation to THg, and interpolation of THg at the research site. The results showed that there were 10 types of MPTS trees whose bark could accumulate mercury. The bark of the Tamarindus indica tree stored the greatest amount of THg (74.4 µg dry weight (DW)), followed by Persea americana (58.7 µg DW), and Annona muricata (44.2 µg DW), respectively. This result was influenced by the roughness of the bark and the location of the plants. No correlation was found between distance and elevation to THg on tree bark. The mercury interpolation in the atmosphere showed that mercury moves from the purification point to the southeast of the purification location.

Algerian Argan: Biodiversity, ecological services, and landscapes: A review

The Argan is a multipurpose tree, endemic of South-west of Morocco and Algeria. It populates the Sahara and gives it a very particular physiognomy which is that of the sparse forest. The argan forest is a patchwork of species occupying distinct environmental niches across the Hamada of the South-west region of Algeria. It covers a region characterized by the aridity of the climate and extreme xericity with geological and pedological diversity that are the source of the broad range of magnificent landscapes (Hamada, wet-lands, escarpments, wadis, Regs, mountains). The association of plants with landscapes, reveals an environmental heterogeneity influencing the richness in species and allowing a dynamic and development of a diversified floristic cover mainly xerophilic and thermophilic. The originality of its flora is as-cribed to the presence of Saharo-sindian elements, Mediterranean and en-demic. This particular diversity is due to its biological characterization, sys-tematic and phytogeographic. Unfortunately, this ecosystem and its poten-tial for biological resources are today highly threatened and face degradation from disturbances and uncontrolled exploitation of the plant environment by anthropogenic activities, that requires the development of a preservation strategy. Our work emphasizes the importance of this genetic heritage and its original ecosystem, where the preservation must be secured through the establishment of a strict protection system of species throughout their natu-ral range.

Aplikasi Konsep Rekreatif pada Perencanaan Desain Budidaya dan Pengolahan Aren di Tuban

Palm tree (Arenga pinnata Merr.) is a multipurpose tree and it has been known that palm tree produces industrial materials. In East Java, palm plant spreads in all of north coast, especially in Tuban. Based on the problem, Palm Cultivated and Processing Center is designed to support government's plans and programs in the develop of the first cultivation and processing palm plant in Indonesia with the theme of Agro-tourism. The design concept is "Recreational" which is something that can provide entertainment that is creative, unique, and different from the others. So that a design will provide pleasant entertainment. The purpose of this article is as a Palm Cultivation and Processing Center in Tuban where there are facilities such as cultivation land along with processing and outdoor tourism facilities such as Flying Fox and Playground.Keywords: Aren, Cultivation, Recreational. Abstrak. Pohon Aren (Arenga pinnata Merr.) adalah pohon serbaguna yang sejak lama telah dikenal menghasilkan bahan-bahan industri. Tanaman Aren di Jawa Timur tersebar di seluruh pesisir pantai utara khususnya di daerah Tuban. Berdasarkan permasalahan diatas, Pusat Budidaya dan Pengolahan Aren dirancang untuk mendukung program dan rencana pemerintah dalam upaya pengembangan budidaya dan sekaligus pengolahan aren pertama di Indonesia yang bertema agrowisata. Konsep desain adalah “Rekreatif” merupakan sesuatu yang dapat memberikan hiburan yang kreatif, memiliki keunikan, dan berbeda dengan yang lain. Sehingga sebuah rancangan akan memberikan hiburan yang menyenangkan. Tujuan dari artikel ini sebagai Pusat Budidaya dan Pengolahan Aren di Tuban yang mana terdapat fasilitas seperti lahan budidaya beserta pengolahan dan sarana wisata outdoor seperti Flying Fox dan Playground.Kata Kunci: Aren, Budidaya, Rekreatif

Dalbergia sissoo.

D. sissoo is a very useful multipurpose tree, extensively planted as single trees or in village woodlots, and in linear or block plantations, in countries of south Asia, particularly Pakistan and India (from the Indus to Assam). It has also been introduced, with varying degrees of success, into mainland South-East Asia, Java and Africa (Soerianegara and Lemmens, 1993). It is a fast-growing gregarious tree which can easily be propagated from seed, seedlings, stumps, and root or shoot cuttings. According to Chaturvedi (1956) "shisham (D. sissoo) is a friend of the farmer, as well as the forester; a tree which pays rich dividends". Economic returns from farmland plantations of this species in Pakistan are moderately high (Siddiqui, 1993).

Flemingia macrophylla (large leaf flemingia).

F. macrophylla is a multipurpose tree and is used in hedges, shelterbelts, as a shade crop and in alley cropping. This species produces mulch, fodder, fuel wood and a dye. Its nitrogen fixing ability results in soil improvement, and the extensive root system aid soil conservation. The roots of this species are used as a tonic in China, and as an external application to ulcers or swellings in India. In China and India, F. macrophylla is important as a host plant for lac insects. Since 1978, 3000 hectares of lac stands have been planted in southern Yunnan, China (Chen et al., 1993).

Cupressus sempervirens (Mediterranean cypress).

C. sempervirens is a multipurpose tree species, which may reach up to 30 m in height with a d.b.h. of 50-60 cm. This species produces high-quality and very durable wood at low yields and is utilized more frequently as windbreaks, soil conservation, protection forest, and as an ornamental in many European landscapes. This species is suitable for plantation programmes in unfavourable conditions in many countries, including for afforestation on dry, shallow, clay soils. Since the beginning of the 1950s, Seiridium cardinale (cypress canker) has decimated common cypress plantations in Italy, Greece and France.