Gender, fraud opportunity, and rationalisation

Framed by opportunity and gender theories, this study examines whether men and women who occupy similar organisational positions differ in the types of fraud committed and their rationalisations. Based on 261 published legal cases of convicted fraudsters in New Zealand, our results show that fraudster's position and rationalisation are important fraud predictors. Our multinomial regression results show that there is a significant difference in the fraud committed in a similar position. There is a relationship between female gambling and embezzlement fraud. A large percentage of fraudsters of both genders offered no rationalisation; those who did, claimed they were victims of circumstances (denial of responsibility) and morally justified their offending. The morally justified rationalisation was associated with lifestyles and pleasing others. Moreover, two rationalisation categories —appeal to higher loyalties and condemning the condemners—are significant in predicting the likelihood of obtaining by deception and embezzlement fraud in the New Zealand context. We also identify two distinct patterns of fraud offending: instrumental-opportunist and pathological-opportunist.

Discrimination in atypical employment in the context of fixed-term employment contracts

This article provides an analysis of the jurisprudence concerning the discriminatory nature of a fixed-term employment contract with a particular employee, while other employees in a similar position are subject to indefinite employment contracts.

YHWH’s mouthpiece to the exiles

This article seeks to make a contribution to the discourse on how the difference between the two versions of the book of Jeremiah as it pertains to two bracketed texts, e.g. Jer. 25:11–12 – Jer. 46:27–28 illustrate a regard of hope on the end of the Exile. Does the Masoretic Text (MT) have a different perspective on the idea of hope, or do both the MT and Septuagint (LXX) share a similar position on this? Moreover, this article attempts to characterise the claim of the MT versus the LXX and tries to understand these texts in light of the above-mentioned text-corpus in its earliest development, but also to foreground this idea of hope within a theological analysis of Jeremiah 29:1–32.

YHWH’s mouthpiece to the exiles

This article seeks to make a contribution to the discourse on how the difference between the two versions of the book of Jeremiah as it pertains to two bracketed texts, e.g. Jer. 25:11–12 – Jer. 46:27–28 illustrate a regard of hope on the end of the Exile. Does the Masoretic Text (MT) have a different perspective on the idea of hope, or do both the MT and Septuagint (LXX) share a similar position on this? Moreover, this article attempts to characterise the claim of the MT versus the LXX and tries to understand these texts in light of the above-mentioned text-corpus in its earliest development, but also to foreground this idea of hope within a theological analysis of Jeremiah 29:1–32.

Did Khor Need Literacy? (I. S. Turgenev and A. A. Fet: Two Views on Primary Education)

The article discusses two points of view on the primary education, literacy — I. S. Turgenev’s and A. A. Fet’s. The author describes the landmark clash between Turgenev and Fet, and also shows the mood and plans of both writers in the early 1860s. In August 1860, in anticipation of the abolition of serfdom, while in England, on the Isle of Wight, Turgenev conceived and drew up a “Draft Program for the Society for the Promotion of Literacy and Primary Education”. And Fet, forced to leave literature as a result of “persecution” of “pure art”, acquired 200 acres of black soil in the Mtsensk district. On the eve of the abolition of serfdom, the poet, who did not have his own estate and serfs, found himself in the position of a farmer, who had to endure fully on his own experience the endless troubles associated with the introduction of reforms in all spheres of economic and political life. His journalism touched upon a variety of issues, one of which was literacy. Fet’s opinion on this issue looks paradoxical. However, he was not alone, urging not to equate literacy, education and upbringing, giving preference to the moral upbringing of the people in solving the problem. A similar position was taken by V. I. Dal, whose letter to the publisher of the journal “Russkaya Beseda” A. I. Koshelev is analyzed in the article.

What to Know and Do to Help Your Adopted or Foster Child Succeed in Japanese Schools

In this chapter, I begin by giving background information about adoption and fostering in Japan, detail how adopted and foster children feel, and explain seven core issues faced by children in care. I then examine the root cause for such issues, trauma, and how it affects adopted and fostered children’s performance in school. Next, using my own family’s experiences as well as others’ in a similar position to mine that I have studied, I illustrate issues faced by non-Japanese adoptive and foster parents and how we can mitigate against them. It is my hope that this chapter will inform prospective and current adoptive and foster parents and encourage them to work with social workers, case workers, and educators to make our children’s experiences of schooling as good as they can be.

Two Dogmas of Egalitarianism

It is more than clear that in our previous works—Norms of Liberty and The Perfectionist Turn—we are opposing what is generally understood as egalitarianism in political philosophy. Our purpose here is to clarify our opposition by showing that our rejection of egalitarianism cannot be successfully accused of being inconsistent with morality itself. We believe that discussing what we call “two dogmas of egalitarianism” will go some distance in accomplishing that end. These “dogmas” can be stated as follows: (1) The burden of proof for any deviation from equality in ethics rests upon the advocate of inequality; and (2) One's position on the natural equality (or inequality) of human beings requires a similar position in one’s ethical conclusions.

The legal insignificance of the financial coverage at the bill of exchange and the cheque

Due to the identical personal structure, the bill of exchange and the cheque have a common feature regarding the drawer's cover on a banking account which is administrated by the drawee. It seems that sufficiency of adequate funds, which should cover the drawer's order from these instruments, doesn't have any legal significance for the drawee and the acceptor. At first glance the position of drawee and acceptor is different because the drawee's obligation is also not derived from the bill of exchange; however, the acceptor has an obligation due to his acceptance of the drawer's order. However, at the stage of collection, drawee and acceptor have a similar position regarding financial cover by drawer's account. Regardless of whether there is financial coverage, the legal position of the drawee and acceptor remains unchanged, because their position could be changed only through their legally relevant will, manifested in the instrument as such.

Problematics of Saints Cult in Works of Jadidist-Theolologians of the Late XVIII and the Early XX cc

The article deals with the analysis of the problems of the cult of saints in the religious views of the greatest Tatar Jadid - theologians of the late 18th and the early 20th centuries. The research aims to investigate the views of Abdennacer Kursawe, Shihab Al-din al-Marjani, Galimjan Barudi, Rizaetdin Fakhretdin, Musa Jarullah Bigiev. The scholars searched the reasons for the crucial decline that involved the Muslim peoples, they believed that the only way out was the correction of Muslim beliefs, the refusal of religious innovations and the return to the Holy Quran and Sunnah. They criticized various manifestations of ignorance and superstition as well as some traditions that, in their opinion, were contrary to the canons of Islam and prevented the progress of Muslims. The Jadids supported the reform of the education system, the study of worldly sciences, the borrowing and use of global scientific and technological and other achievements. The similar position of Tatar theologians contributed to the formation of Islamic cultural values and present new ways for Russian Muslims to unify to the achievements of the world civilization.