Pseudo single domain NiZn-γFe2O3 colloidal superparamagnetic nanoparticles for MRI-guided hyperthermia application

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)-guided magnetic nanofluid hyperthermia (MNFH) is highly desirable in cancer treatment because it can allow for diagnosis, therapeutics, and prognosis simultaneously. However, the application of currently developed iron-oxide based superparamagnetic nanoparticles (IOSPNPs) for a MRI-guided MNFH agent is technically limited by the low AC heat induction power at the physiologically tolerable range of AC magnetic field (HAC,safe), and the low transverse r2-relaxivity responsible for the insufficient heating of cancers, and the low resolution of contrast imaging, respectively. Here, pseudo single domain colloidal NixZn1-x-γFe2O3 (x = 0.6) superparamagnetic nanoparticle (NiZn-γFe2O3 PSD-SPNP) physically and theoretically designed at the HAC,safe, specifically by the applied frequency, is proposed for a highly enhanced MRI-guided MNFH agent application. The NiZn-γFe2O3 PSD-SPNP showed the superparamagnetic characteristics, significantly enhanced AC heat induction performance, and highly improved saturation magnetization that are desirable for highly efficient MRI-guided MNFH agent applications. According to the analyzed results, the remarkably enhanced effective relaxation time constant and its dependent out-of-phase magnetic susceptibility as well as the DC/AC magnetic softness optimized by the PSD-SPNP at the HAC,safe were revealed as the main physical reason for the significance. All the fundamental in-vitro and in-vivo experimental results demonstrated that the physically designed NiZn-γFe2O3 PSD-SPNP is bio-technically feasible for a highly efficient MRI-guided MNFH agent for future cancer nanomedicine.

Characterization of induction methods for Drosophila seizure mutations

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders. Around one third of patients do not respond to current medications. This lack of treatment indicates a need for better understanding of the underlying mechanisms and, importantly, the identification of novel targets for drug manipulation. The fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster has a fast reproduction time, powerful genetics, and facilitates large sample sizes, making it a strong model of seizure mechanisms. However, there has not yet been a systematic analysis of the wide range of behavioral and physiological phenotypes observed across major fly seizure genotypes. To understand this, we systematically measured seizure severity and secondary behavioral phenotypes at both the larval and adult stage. Comparison of several seizure-induction methods; specifically electrical, mechanical and heat-induction, show that larval electroshock is the most effective at inducing seizures across a wide range of seizure-prone mutants. Locomotion in adults and larvae was found to be non-predictive of seizure susceptibility. Recording activity in identified larval motor neurons revealed variations in action potential patterns, across different genotypes, but these patterns did not correlate with seizure susceptibility. To conclude, while there is wide variation in mechanical induction, heat induction, and secondary phenotypes, electroshock is the most consistent method of seizure induction across known major seizure genotypes in Drosophila.Significance StatementEpilepsy is a neurological disorder affecting 1 in 130 people globally, with a significant impact on patients, families, and society. Approximately one third of epileptics do not respond to currently available medication. Thus, better insights into underlying disease mechanisms and identification of new drugs are needed. Fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) are a powerful genetic model: a number of single gene mutant flies exhibit seizures, phenotypes that have been shown to respond to established antiepileptic drugs. We compare methods of seizure induction and their utility, to establish which induction method is the most consistent across a range of different seizure-inducing genetic backgrounds. Adopting a common method for seizure analysis in this model will, we predict, speed identification of novel anti-convulsive treatments.

Heat induction in two-dimensional graphene–Fe3O4 nanohybrids for magnetic hyperthermia applications with artificial neural network modeling

Synthesis of Fe3O4–graphene (FG) nanohybrids and magnetothermal measurements of FxG100–x (x = 0, 25, 45, 65, 75, 85, 100) nanohybrids (25 mg each) at a 633 kHz alternating magnetic field of strength 9.1 mT.

The Effect of Heat Induction on Shear Strength of Soft Soil in Radial Zone

The main problem in infrastructure development at the soft clay was its bearing capacity therefore it needs to be improved. In this research, the improvement method was carried out by modeling in small scale of preloading and heat induction combination. Location of soft clay sampling was in Takalar, Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of the shear strength of soft soil corresponding with heat induction at the radial zone. The shear strength was obtained by vane shear test and compressive strength from unconfined compressive test (UCT). The heat applied ranging from 100o C, 200o C, 300o C, and 400o C with static preloading load 0.20 kg/cm2. The strengths of the soil in radial zones have been tested at R0, R1, and R2. At lowest temperature 100° at R0 the compressive strength was 0.203 kg/cm2, at highest temperature 400° at R0 the compressive strength 0.467 kg/cm2, there was a significant increasing of compressive strength value with the change of temperature. At the highest temperature 4000 the shear strength from vane shear tests resulting at R0 0.240 kg/cm2, R1 of 0.128 kg/cm2, R2 of 0.077 kg/cm2. At the lowest temperature of 100o C shows R0 at 0.116 kg/cm2, R1 at 0.070 kg/cm2, R3 of 0.046 kg/cm2. The results show a tendency of declining strength value as the soil farther away from center of heat induction. The experimental result from this model produces strength that can be used as a parameter of the foundation model on soft soil.

Targeted Imaging Agent to HSP70 Induced In Vivo

Heat shock protein expression can be induced by heat shock making it possible to artificially modulate their levels noninvasively in vivo in a spatially and temporally controlled manner. Here, we report the use of the major heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) as an inducible target by using the small molecule deoxyspergualin (DSG) conjugated to the near-infrared fluorophore (Cy5.5). We demonstrate that heat induction in the form of localized hyperthermia of normal tissue in living mice results in sufficient HSP70 overexpression for detection with DSG-Cy5.5 conjugate. This effect is dependent on total energy delivered and reaches maximum fluorescence signal in 6 to 8 hours post heat induction and declines over a period of up to 24 hours. These results suggest that DSG-Cy5.5 agent accumulates in tissue with elevated HSP70 by heat.

Inductive Thermal Effect of Ferrite Magnetic Nanoparticles

Localized heat induction using magnetic nanoparticles under an alternating magnetic field is an emerging technology applied in areas including, cancer treatment, thermally activated drug release and remote activation of cell functions. To enhance the induction heating efficiency of magnetic nanoparticles, the intrinsic and extrinsic magnetic parameters influencing the heating efficiency of magnetic nanoparticles should be effectively engineered. This review covers the recent progress in the optimization of magnetic properties of spinel ferrite nanoparticles for efficient heat induction. The key materials factors for efficient magnetic heating including size, shape, composition, inter/intra particle interactions are systematically discussed, from the growth mechanism, process control to chemical and magnetic properties manipulation.