Liquid Metal Based Stretchable Radiation-Shielding Film

We reported a stretchable and flexible radiation-shielding film based on room-temperature liquid metal. Conceptual experiments showed that the liquid metal based printing technology can achieve an ultrathin flexible radiation-shielding film with a thickness of 0.3 mm. Moreover, the yield strength and ultimate strength of the liquid metal film appear much better than those of a conventional lead-particle-containing radiation-shielding material. In order to evaluate the radiation-shielding performance of the liquid metal material, X-ray radiation experiments to compare the liquid metal film and conventional lead-particle-based shielding material under different stretching conditions were performed. The results indicate that the liquid metal shielding film could achieve a certain radiation-shielding performance. Furthermore, because of the screen-printing properties of liquid metal, a low-cost X-ray mask method using a liquid metal selective radiation-shielding film was also studied, which could serve as a highly efficient and practical method for the medical X-ray shielding applications or semiconductor lithography industry.

Dependence of gamma-ray absorption coefficient on the size of lead particle

In this study, dependence of gamma-ray absorption coefficient on the size of Pb particle size ranging from 200µm up to 2.5mm, using different weights of each particle size. The results show that gamma-ray attenuation coefficient is inversely proportional with the size of Pb particle size due to the reduction of the spaces between the lead particles.

On the potential contribution of open lead particle emissions to the central Arctic aerosol concentration

We present direct eddy covariance measurements of aerosol number fluxes, dominated by sub-50 nm particles, at the edge of an ice floe drifting in the central Arctic Ocean. The measurements were made during the ice-breaker borne ASCOS (Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study) expedition in August 2008 between 2°–10° W longitude and 87°–87.5° N latitude. The median aerosol transfer velocities over different surface types (open water leads, ice ridges, snow and ice surfaces) ranged from 0.27 to 0.68 mm s−1 during deposition-dominated episodes. Emission periods were observed more frequently over the open lead, while the snow behaved primarily as a deposition surface. Directly measured aerosol fluxes were compared with particle deposition parameterizations in order to estimate the emission flux from the observed net aerosol flux. Finally, the contribution of the open lead particle source to atmospheric variations in particle number concentration was evaluated and compared with the observed temporal evolution of particle number. The direct emission of aerosol particles from the open lead can explain only 5–10% of the observed particle number variation in the mixing layer close to the surface.

On the potential contribution of open lead particle emissions to the central Arctic aerosol concentration

During the ice-breaker borne ASCOS expedition (Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study) direct eddy covariance measurements of aerosol number fluxes were carried out in August 2008 on the edge of an ice floe drifting in the central Arctic Ocean between 2°–10° W longitude and 87°–87.5° N latitude. The median aerosol transfer velocities over different surface types (open water leads, ice ridges, snow and ice surfaces) ranged from 0.27 to 0.68 mm s−1 during deposition-dominated episodes. Emission periods were observed more frequently over the open lead, while the snow behaved primarily as a deposition surface. Directly measured aerosol fluxes were compared with particle deposition parameterizations in order to estimate the emission flux from the observed net aerosol flux. Finally, the contribution of the open lead particle source to atmospheric variations in particle number concentration was evaluated and compared with the observed temporal evolution of particle number. The direct emission of aerosol particles from the open lead can only explain 5–10% of the observed particle number variation in the mixing layer close to the surface.

Electrochemical Deposition of Metallic Lead Particle Film

The preparation of metallic lead films by electrochemical deposition was reported. Although primary deposits at fresh state (also referred to as fresh deposits) were indeed metallic lead films, the fresh lead films could be rapidly oxidized to lead oxide in air. To obtain long stable metallic lead films, the key process is how to prevent the oxidization of fresh lead films. Our studies indicate that the washing of fresh metallic lead films in absolute alcohol is a simple but effective method to protect the lead films from the oxidization for an extended period of more than 20 days.