Envelopes Have Layers - Improving Performance and Legibility of Building Envelopes

<p><b>Residential timber framed buildings in New Zealand continue to have issues in relation to performance as a result of poor initial building envelope design and a lack of construction quality. </b></p> <p>Building envelopes need to be designed in respect to fundamental building envelope science. It is also crucial that drawings and details relating to the building envelope are clear if the desired level of performance is to be achieved. And, ultimately, the architectural drawings that are developed must be practical in respect to buildability – the construction methodology and detailing of the building envelope must be practical and achievable if the desired outcomes are to be achieved.</p> <p>The legibility and identification of building envelope control layers on architectural drawings communicates building envelope performance and helps to ensure buildability of control layers, particularly in respect to their continuity during construction. </p> <p>Readable (clarity) and buildable (constructability) architectural details, which respect the fundamentals of building envelope science in regard to rain, air, vapour, and heat control, can improve construction quality in New Zealand, increase building performance, and provide durable, efficient and healthy homes.</p> <p>This research focuses on building envelopes constructed from timber framing as this is the most common method of residential construction in New Zealand. Common New Zealand building envelope detail drawings from a range of contexts are used to critique current New Zealand building envelope design. This analysis identifies common building envelope problems in regard to drawing readability and performance.</p> <p>The research proposes a revised set of building envelope details for a timber framed terraced house, which feature an enhanced way of achieving and communicating performance and buildability within building envelope drawings and details.</p>

Envelopes Have Layers - Improving Performance and Legibility of Building Envelopes

<p><b>Residential timber framed buildings in New Zealand continue to have issues in relation to performance as a result of poor initial building envelope design and a lack of construction quality. </b></p> <p>Building envelopes need to be designed in respect to fundamental building envelope science. It is also crucial that drawings and details relating to the building envelope are clear if the desired level of performance is to be achieved. And, ultimately, the architectural drawings that are developed must be practical in respect to buildability – the construction methodology and detailing of the building envelope must be practical and achievable if the desired outcomes are to be achieved.</p> <p>The legibility and identification of building envelope control layers on architectural drawings communicates building envelope performance and helps to ensure buildability of control layers, particularly in respect to their continuity during construction. </p> <p>Readable (clarity) and buildable (constructability) architectural details, which respect the fundamentals of building envelope science in regard to rain, air, vapour, and heat control, can improve construction quality in New Zealand, increase building performance, and provide durable, efficient and healthy homes.</p> <p>This research focuses on building envelopes constructed from timber framing as this is the most common method of residential construction in New Zealand. Common New Zealand building envelope detail drawings from a range of contexts are used to critique current New Zealand building envelope design. This analysis identifies common building envelope problems in regard to drawing readability and performance.</p> <p>The research proposes a revised set of building envelope details for a timber framed terraced house, which feature an enhanced way of achieving and communicating performance and buildability within building envelope drawings and details.</p>

Transcriptome Response of Liver and Muscle in Heat-Stressed Laying Hens

Exposure to high ambient temperature has detrimental effects on poultry welfare and production. Although changes in gene expression due to heat exposure have been well described for broiler chickens, knowledge of the effects of heat on laying hens is still relatively limited. In this study, we profiled the transcriptome for pectoralis major muscle (n = 24) and liver (n = 24), during a 4-week cyclic heating experiment performed on layers in the early phase of egg production. Both heat-control and time-based contrasts were analyzed to determine differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Heat exposure induced different changes in gene expression for the two tissues, and we also observed changes in gene expression over time in the control animals suggesting that metabolic changes occurred during the transition from onset of lay to peak egg production. A total of 73 DEGs in liver were shared between the 3 h heat-control contrast, and the 4-week versus 3 h time contrast in the control group, suggesting a core set of genes that is responsible for maintenance of metabolic homeostasis regardless of the physiologic stressor (heat or commencing egg production). The identified DEGs improve our understanding of the layer’s response to stressors and may serve as targets for genetic selection in the future to improve resilience.

Implementasi DCS (Distributed Control System) Sebagai Pengontrol Suhu Pada Proses Pemanasan Air Dengan Metode MPC (Model Predictive Control)

Implementasi DCS sebagai pengontrol suhu pada proses pemanasan air dengan metode MPC pada laboratorium sistem kendali proses bertujuan untuk memprediksi output proses selama rentang waktu tertentu dengan meminimalisasi fungsi objek, dengan memanfaatkan HMI yang berfungsi untuk melakukan tugas monitoring pada sistem water heat control.Pengujian yang dilakukan pada pengimplementasian DCS sebagai pengontrol suhu air menggunakan metode MPC ini adalah pengujian sistem dengan beberapa variasi nilai setting point yang diberikan. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian sistem yang dilakukan, menunjukkan bahwa proses implementasi metode kontrol MPC yang terdapat dalam perangkat DCS pada sistem water heat control telah berhasil dilakukan. Sistem dapat mempertahankan suhu air dalam tangki sesuai dengan nilai setting point yang diberikan dengan rata-rata maximum overshoot sebesar 1,92%. Dengan demikian, alat ini dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pembelajaran tentang simulasi water heat control dan penggunaan metode MPC dalam DCS oleh mahasiswa Teknik Elektronika, Politeknik Negeri Malang.