Envelopes Have Layers - Improving Performance and Legibility of Building Envelopes

<p><b>Residential timber framed buildings in New Zealand continue to have issues in relation to performance as a result of poor initial building envelope design and a lack of construction quality. </b></p> <p>Building envelopes need to be designed in respect to fundamental building envelope science. It is also crucial that drawings and details relating to the building envelope are clear if the desired level of performance is to be achieved. And, ultimately, the architectural drawings that are developed must be practical in respect to buildability – the construction methodology and detailing of the building envelope must be practical and achievable if the desired outcomes are to be achieved.</p> <p>The legibility and identification of building envelope control layers on architectural drawings communicates building envelope performance and helps to ensure buildability of control layers, particularly in respect to their continuity during construction. </p> <p>Readable (clarity) and buildable (constructability) architectural details, which respect the fundamentals of building envelope science in regard to rain, air, vapour, and heat control, can improve construction quality in New Zealand, increase building performance, and provide durable, efficient and healthy homes.</p> <p>This research focuses on building envelopes constructed from timber framing as this is the most common method of residential construction in New Zealand. Common New Zealand building envelope detail drawings from a range of contexts are used to critique current New Zealand building envelope design. This analysis identifies common building envelope problems in regard to drawing readability and performance.</p> <p>The research proposes a revised set of building envelope details for a timber framed terraced house, which feature an enhanced way of achieving and communicating performance and buildability within building envelope drawings and details.</p>

Envelopes Have Layers - Improving Performance and Legibility of Building Envelopes

<p><b>Residential timber framed buildings in New Zealand continue to have issues in relation to performance as a result of poor initial building envelope design and a lack of construction quality. </b></p> <p>Building envelopes need to be designed in respect to fundamental building envelope science. It is also crucial that drawings and details relating to the building envelope are clear if the desired level of performance is to be achieved. And, ultimately, the architectural drawings that are developed must be practical in respect to buildability – the construction methodology and detailing of the building envelope must be practical and achievable if the desired outcomes are to be achieved.</p> <p>The legibility and identification of building envelope control layers on architectural drawings communicates building envelope performance and helps to ensure buildability of control layers, particularly in respect to their continuity during construction. </p> <p>Readable (clarity) and buildable (constructability) architectural details, which respect the fundamentals of building envelope science in regard to rain, air, vapour, and heat control, can improve construction quality in New Zealand, increase building performance, and provide durable, efficient and healthy homes.</p> <p>This research focuses on building envelopes constructed from timber framing as this is the most common method of residential construction in New Zealand. Common New Zealand building envelope detail drawings from a range of contexts are used to critique current New Zealand building envelope design. This analysis identifies common building envelope problems in regard to drawing readability and performance.</p> <p>The research proposes a revised set of building envelope details for a timber framed terraced house, which feature an enhanced way of achieving and communicating performance and buildability within building envelope drawings and details.</p>

THE CORRELATION BETWEEN HEALTHY HOUSES AND ACCESS TO SAFE DRINKING WATER WITH THE INCIDENCE OF DIARRHEA IN EAST JAVA IN 2016

ABSTRACTDiarrhea is a common endemic disease in Indonesia. In developing countries, the high prevalence of diarrhea can be attributed to the lack of clean water and proper sanitation. This study determined a correlation between access to safe drinking water and healthy houses with the incidence of diarrhea in East Java in 2016. The study applied a correlation study design. The population consisted of all diarrhea patients treated in East Java in 2016; thus, the population was used also as a sample. The data were obtained from secondary data, namely the 2016 East Java Provincial Health Profile. Pearson correlation test was used in analyzing the data. There was a correlation between healthy homes (p = 0.000) and sustainable access to safe drinking water (p = 0.000) with the incidence of diarrhea. Pearson correlation coefficient for the healthy house variable was 0.798, while the Pearson correlation coefficient for sustainable access to safe drinking water was 0.722. It can be concluded that the relationship between healthy homes and access to safe drinking water with the incidence of diarrhea in the Province of East Java in 2016 was strong enough.Keywords: diarrhea, healthy houses, access to safe drinking water.

THE MAPPING AND ANALYSIS OF DIPHTHERIA CASES IN SURABAYA (2017-2018)

Diphtheria is an acute disease that attacks the airways and causes deaths. The risk factors for diphtheria are low Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus (DPT) immunization coverage and an unhealthy home environment. One effort to control diphtheria is by providing information in the form of the patient's location that makes it easier to determine the target group of people intervened. The city of Surabaya experienced an increase of 50 diphtheria cases from 2017 to 2018. This study aimed to map and analyze diphtheria cases based on DPT immunization and healthy homes from 2017 to 2018 in the city of Surabaya. This study was classified descriptive analytic and used an ecological design. This study used the Pearson's correlation coefficient statistical test to analyze secondary data from the Surabaya City’s Health Profile of 2017 to 2018. This study employed the Health Mapper 4.3.0.0 application and SPSS software version 23. The study variables were diphtheria cases, DPT immunization coverage, and the percentage of healthy homes in 2017 and 2018 in Surabaya. The results of the statistical test indicated that there was a moderate relationship between DPT basic immunization coupon with the number of diphtheria cases in 2018 (p = 0.007; OR = 0.471); while the percentage of healthy homes and the number of diphtheria cases in 2018 showed a strong correlation (p = 0.002; OR = 0.544). The city experienced an increase in the number of diphtheria cases from 2017 to 2018, as well as the rise in DPT immunization coverage and the percentage of healthy homes, which tended to be stagnant. DPT immunization coverage and the percentage of healthy homes based on the 2018 data were related to the number of diphtheria cases in Surabaya. Counseling for the people in the city should be conducted to ensure that their children get DPT immunization and maintain environment cleanliness for a healthy home.

Changes in crime surrounding an urban home renovation and rebuild programme

Neighbourhood environments are a known social determinant of health. Vacant and abandoned buildings and lots and poor or hazardous housing conditions, combined with crime and violence, can affect residents’ health and wellbeing. Nationwide Children’s Hospital and its partners launched the Healthy Homes initiative in 2008, which sought to improve nearby residents’ health and wellbeing by rejuvenating vacant and abandoned properties and increasing homeownership in the South Side neighbourhood of Columbus, Ohio. Between 2008 and mid-2019 the initiative funded 273 repairs or renovations in this neighbourhood. We conducted a ZIP-code-level comparative case study of the Healthy Homes housing interventions using synthetic control methodology to evaluate changes in crime rate in the intervention area compared with those in a synthetic control area. While findings were mixed, we found some evidence of reduced thefts in the Healthy Homes area, relative to its synthetic control. This initiative to repair, rebuild and increase ownership of housing has the potential to reduce crime rates for neighbours of the Nationwide Children’s Hospital.

Gambaran tingkat pengetahuan kepala keluarga tentang rumah sehat di kampung Cibogo desa Rancabango Kecamatan Tarogong Garut

Knowledge of a healthy house among householders at Cibogo village Rancabango Tarogong –Garut Background: The house is a residence that functions as a place to nurture the family. A healthy house is a house that can meet healthy criteria, including meeting the physiological and psychological needs of its inhabitants, meeting the prevention of disease transmission and meeting the prevention of accidents. The impact of an unhealthy home is causing and transmitting various types of diseases, especially environmental-based diseases.Purpose: To determine of the Knowledge of a healthy house among householders at Cibogo village Rancabango Tarogong -GarutMethod: A quantitative descriptive with total sampling techniq. The locations at Cibogo village Rancabango Tarogong –Garut with respondents as 159 of householders.Results: Finding that the level of knowledge of 159 householders about healthy homes of 40.9% have a poor knowledge, of 36.5% have enough knowledge and of 22.6% have an excellent knowledge.Conclusion: The level of knowledge of householders about a healthy house mostly was in a category of lacking, and they need further information by competent resources regarding a healthy house.Keywords: Knowledge; Healthy House; HouseholdersPendahuluan: Rumah adalah suatu hunian yang fungsinya sebagai tempat untuk membina keluarga. Rumah yang sehat yaitu rumah yang dapat memenuhi kriteria sehat diantaranya memenuhi kebutuhan fisiologis dan psikologis penghuninya, memenuhi pencegahan penularan penyakit serta memenuhi pencegahan terjadinya kecelakaan. Dampak yang ditimbulkan dari rumah yang tidak sehat dapat menyebabkan dan menularkan berbagai jenis penyakit, terutama penyakit berbasis lingkungan.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat pengetahuan kepala keluarga di Kampung Cibogo Desa Rancabango Kecamatan Tarogong Garut. Metode: Deskriptif kuantitatif dengan teknik total sampling. Lokasi di Desa Cibogo Rancabango Tarogong – Garut dengan responden 159 kepala keluarga.Hasil: Tingkat pengetahuan kepala keluarga tentang rumah sehat yaitu 40.9% memiliki pengetahuan buruk, 36.5% memiliki pengetahuan yang cukup dan 22.6% memiliki pengetahuan yang baik.Simpulan: Tingkat pengetahuan kepala rumah tangga tentang rumah sehat sebagian besar berada pada kategori buruk, dan mereka membutuhkan informasi lebih lanjut dari sumber daya yang kompeten tentang rumah sehat.

Spatial Analysis of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever based on Influencing Factors in Jombang, 2014–2018

Background: Jombang District is an endemic area of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Purpose: The aim of this study was to spatially analyze various factors simultaneously (multivariate analysis) in relation to the incidence of DHF in Jombang District during the period 2014–2018. The factors studied were population density, larvae free index, rainfall, coverage of healthy homes, and healthy lifestyle coverage. Methods: The research was conducted as an observational study with an ecology research design. The data were secondary data from the Health Office and Statistic Central Bureau of Jombang District. The population consisted of 21 sub-districts in Jombang District in 2014–2018. The sample used the total population. The data analysis tool used in this study was GeoDa regression Moran's I software. Results: The bivariate analysis showed that there was a correlation between larvae free index (p = 0.04), healthy lifestyle coverage (p = 0.02), rainfall intensity (p = 0.20), population density (p = 0.07), and coverage of healthy houses (p = 0.22) with DHF incidence. According to Moran's I for spatial dependence (multivariate analysis), showed that there was a correlation between all the variables and DHF (p = 0.03). Conclusions: The variables of larvae free index and healthy lifestyle coverage related to the Incidence Rate (IR) of DHF cases. There was no correlation between IR and variable population density, rainfall, or coverage of healthy homes. Various spatial factors are simultaneously related to IR, even though only two variables are shown to be related to IR in the bivariate analysis.