Cu-Catalyzed alkylation–cyanation type difunctionalization of styrenes with aliphatic aldehydes and TMSCN via decarbonylation

A copper-catalyzed decarbonylative alkylation–cyanation of styrene derivatives with aliphatic aldehydes and trimethylsilyl cyanide to provide chain elongated nitriles is reported. Using TBHP as oxidant and free radical initiator, the reaction...

Sunflower and Linseed Oils with Decyl Methacrylate Based Copolymers as Green Lubricating Additives

During the last few years, the greener additives prepared from bio-raw materials with low-cost and multifunctional applications have attracted considerable attention in the field of lubricant industry. In the present work, copolymers derived from sunflower and linseed oils with decyl methacrylate were synthesized by a thermal method using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as a radical initiator. Direct polymerization through the double bonds of the fatty acid chain in the presence of a free radical initiator leads to the formation of ecofriendly copolymeric additives (P1 and P2). The copolymers were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR). Thermal decomposition of copolymers was determined by thermogravimetric analysis. The average molecular weight was measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) method. Different concentrations of prepared copolymer as additives vis 1, 2, 3, and 4 (w/v) were used to examine the rheological behavior and performance evaluation of the formulated base oil. The copolymer acts as an excellent viscosity improver and better pour point depressant.

Copper/Di-tert-butyl Peroxide-Catalyzed Regioselective Hydroxyphosphorylation of 1,3-Enynes

The copper/di-tert-butyl peroxide-catalyzed regioselective hydroxyphosphorylation of 1,3-enynes is described. The advantages of the reported radical reactions are excellent functional group tolerance, the use of a catalytic amount of copper and di-tert-butyl peroxide ( t BuOO t Bu) as a radical initiator, and mild reaction conditions. The desired products are obtained in moderate to excellent yields after purification.

Heterogeneous photocatalytic cyanomethylarylation of alkenes with acetonitrile: synthesis of diverse nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds

A visible light-mediated heterogeneous photocatalytic cyanomethylarylation of alkenes with acetonitrile has been established using K-modified carbon nitride (CN-K) as a recyclable semiconductor photocatalyst. This protocol, employing readily accessible alkyl N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) ester as a radical initiator, allows the efficient construction of a broad array of structural diverse nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds including indolines, oxindoles, isoquinolinones, and isoquinolinediones.

Copper/tBuOOtBu-Catalyzed Regioselective Hydroxylphosphorylation of 1,3-Enynes

A copper/tBuOOtBu-catalyzed regioselective hydroxyphosphorylation of 1,3-enynes is described. The present radical reactions have great functional group tolerance, catalytic amount of copper and tBuOOtBu as the radical initiator, mild reaction conditions and moderate to good isolated yields.

Cross-Dehydrogenative coupling reaction and arylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones under iodide/peroxide system condition

A simple method has been developed for the synthesis of 3-(2-oxo-2-phenylethylidene)-3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one and 3-aryl-quinoxalin-2(1H)-one derivatives through C-H activation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones by peroxides and iodide. In this protocol, the peroxide (TBPB) serves as both the radical initiator and aryl source, realizing arylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-one in a one-step reaction. The methodology has the advantages of being a metal-free strategy and having broad functional group tolerance.

Spontaneous Grafting of OH-Terminated Molecules on Si−H Surfaces via Si–O–C Covalent Bonding

The surface functionalization of oxide-free hydrogen-terminated silicon (Si−H) enables predictably tuning its electronic properties, by incorporating tailored functionality for applications such as photovoltaics, biosensing and molecular electronics devices. Most of the available chemical functionalization approaches require an external radical initiator, such as UV light, heat or chemical reagents. Here, we report forming organic monolayers on Si–H surfaces using molecules comprising terminal alcohol (–OH) groups. Self-assembled monolayer (SAM) formation is spontaneous, requires no external stimuli–and yields Si–O–C covalently bound monolayers. The SAMs were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to determine the chemical bonding, by X-ray reflectometry (XRR) to determine the monolayers thicknesses on the surface and by atomic force microscopy (AFM) to probe surface topography and surface roughness. The redox activity and the electrochemical properties of the SAMs were studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The availability and the ease of incorporating OH groups in organic molecules, makes this spontaneous grafting as a reliable method to attach molecules to Si surfaces in applications ranging from sensing to molecular electronics where incorporating radical initiator setups is not accessible.