Brazil, USA, and Germany: A comparison of legislation in the fight against COVID-19

This article compares Brazil, the United States, and Germany's laws in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, describing the scenario of these laws, comparing them to evaluate which country had the best performance, in their laws concerning the COVID-19, in the face of the international requirements. The primary laws of Brazil, the USA, and Germany were used, comparing WHO requirements and international requirements, analyzing: speed in the isolation decision; assembly of hospitals and equipment; economic measures for the population; organization of states and international negotiation. The comparison system established was based on scores (scores), with scores ranging from 1 to 5 (very poor to very good) depending on the existence of legislation for each country (Brazil, USA, and Germany), for each type of requirement, concerning the level of awareness of the norm's applicator to the problems faced in the pandemic. Although some nations have acted quickly in imposing restrictions and recommending social isolation, they have been hampered by economic, social, and political factors.

Features of the population organization of Myricaria bracteata in the riverbed of the Ursul River (Gorny Altai)

The article represents the analysis of the ontogenetic composition and demographic parameters of 3 cenopopulations of Myricaria bracteata in the riverbed of the Ursul River (Central Altai). It was found that the ontogenetic structure and density of individuals depend on the degree of formation of the phytocenosis and the influence of abiotic factors (features of the substrate, river bend). The invasive cenopopulation formed in a bend of the river in the absence of a phytocenotic pressure; the young normal cenopopulation formed in the river deflection on the grasscover stony shore, and the invasive-regressive cenopopulation formed on an island washed by the river.

Population organization and ranging pattern of Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) at Bandar, Narayanganj

A study was conducted on population organization and ranging pattern of rhesus macaque at Bandar Upazila, Narayanganj, Dhaka from December, 2009 to September, 2010. Direct count method was used to study the group size and composition, and ranging was determined by GPS coordination plotting on the map. A total of 66 monkeys (29 to 37 individuals) were found in two groups with a mean of 33±5.6. Among the population 7.6% adult male, 33.3% adult female, 9.1% sub-adult male, 7.6% sub-adult female, 25.8% juvenile and 16.7% was infant. The ratio between adult male and adult female was 1:4.4 and between adult and nonadults was 1:1.4. Day range length varied from 1543m to1716m (mean=1638.43±56.7). Home range was completely overlapped and varied negligibly from 45.2 ha. to 45.5 ha. (mean=45.32±0.2). They minimized conflictions by using different time to move. But the growing dependence of these urban macaques on human resources is a matter of concern. Therefore, conservation strategies should be directed to minimize this dependence.Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 3(1): 27-35, 2014 (June)