Interjections: Does Affect have Grammar?

This chapter first explores early grammarians’ accounts of the interjection and then elaborates on thirteenth-century grammarians’ analysis of interjections, communication rather than formal grammar, and the role of affectus, feeling, and emotion within grammar and semantics. The grammarians stretched the idea of verbal meaning to include both cognitive and affective signification as understood in specific contexts. Priscian (Institutiones, 2.15) provided grammarians with a framework for contrasting assertive sentences referring to substances with nonassertive sentences or interjections signifying mental dispositions or affects. These grammarians situated grammar and usage within interpersonal speech contexts.

NON-VERBAL MEANING OF KERAWANG GAYO BAJU REJE: MULTIMODAL ANALYSIS

This paper discusses the multimodal analysis of non-verbal meanings in the Kerawang Gayo Reje shirt. It is an ornamental motive made by embroidering cloth. Gayo filigree is the identity of the Gayo. Reje clothes are unique clothes for Reje (king/highest leader) in the village of the Gayonese, and they use several Gayo motives, such as Mata Ni Lao (Matahari), a mandatory motive for a Reje. Each motive contains the meaning of the life of the Gayo tribe. Nowadays, use mandatory clothes on Reje is rarely used. This study aimed to determine the non-verbal meaning of the Kerawang Gayo Reje motives through multimodal analysis. The ethnography method was applied in this study. The data were the Kerawang Gayo Reje shirt's visual art content, the interview result, and observation. The informants were craftsman/tailor; and the Majelis Adat Gayo leaders (Gayo traditional centre) in Central Aceh. The data were analyzed by explaining the meaning lies in the means of communication and each meaning centrally, and dominantly of Kerawang Gayo Reje shirt The result of the study showed that there are four types of motives on Reje's clothes, Mata Ni Lao, Tali Puter Tige, Tekukur, and Tapak Sleman. On the Reje shirt, there is only one colour used, which is yellow. The meaning is justice and prosperity for the Gayo tribe community. It is hoped that a Reje will be fair to the people and provide prosperity for the Gayo tribe community.

An experimental and distributional investigation of two ‘non-culminating accomplishments’ in Mandarin

The result-state lexicalization behavior of Mandarin monomorphemic transitive verbs have been claimed to be homogenous, with the vast majority contributing to ‘non-culminating’ readings in accomplishment predicates. This paper presents experimental and distributional case studies of verbs expected to challenge this claim: xiu ‘fix’ and sha ‘kill’. An experiment was conducted to examine how contextual factors influence result-state interpretation, given reports of highly variable judgments for these verbs when considered a-contextually. The results suggests that while xiu NP ‘fix NP’ is a true non-culminating accomplishment, sha NP ‘kill NP’ may lexicalize a result-state culmination, contra claims in prior work. These experimental findings are supported by the distribution of the verbs in Mandarin VV compounds, which suggest that xiu ‘fix’ is a manner verb (thereby not lexicalizing result-state culmination), while sha ‘kill’ is a result verb (lexicalizing result-state culmination). This study not only highlights the benefit of considering how contextual factors influence interpretations of verbal meaning, but it could also suggest that claims of the pervasiveness of non-culminating accomplishments in Mandarin are exaggerated.

A Multimodal Discourse Analysis of Political Speeches: The Case of Donald Trump’s 2016 Election Speeches

<p><em>This paper investigates the different verbal and non-verbal meaning making resources manifested in the speeches of Akron, Ohio and Phoenix, Arizona delivered by Donald Trump during his presidential campaign in 2016. The way verbal and non-verbal resources combine or interact intersemiotically unravels how Donald Trump attempts to affect his audience and reveal his populist leadership. For that end, the researcher carried out an analysis that is divided into two sections. Section one is devoted to a ‘themes’ analysis to isolate the overarching themes and illuminate the major topics addressed by President Donald Trump to seek his audience’s support. Section two follows SF-MDA which relies on Halliday’s systemic functional linguistics (Halliday, 1978, 1994; Halliday &amp; Matthiessen, 2004/2014) for the analysis of verbal meaning- making resources and Kress and Van Leeuwen’s visual grammar (1996/2006) for the analysis of non-verbal resources. The analysis reveals that both verbal and non-verbal meaning-making resources, in terms of representational, interactive and compositional meanings, work intersemiotically to deliver a full account of meaning and unravel Donald Trump's populist leadership.</em></p>

The participle as a component of the verbal system in Biblical Hebrew

In Biblical Hebrew, the active participle has, as may be expected, a number of nominal and adjectival functions. However, it also, in certain contexts, exerts a verbal meaning. In the latter function, the participle is part of the verbal paradigm, expressing a range of nuances some of which—notably the expression of the “real present”—cannot be expressed by any other verbal form. The main verbal functions of the participle are exemplified in the paper. Also a diachronic trajectory of syntactic change is described leading from the “classical” Biblical Hebrew of the monarchic period (tenth to seventh centuries BCE) to early post-biblical Hebrew (first century BCE).