Automatic coverage measurement of shot peened panels

Shot peening is the process of treating metallic surfaces with a regulated blast of shots to increase material strength and durability. Determining the coverage level of the shots is an important parameter in the assessment of the quality of treatment. Traditionally, coverage measurement is performed manually using a magnifying glass, which leads to inefficiency. Despite the proposal for the use of image segmentation techniques for determining the coverage measurement, literature on this topic is not extensively developed. In this thesis, various relevant image segmentation techniques are investigated including thresholding, edge detection, watershed segmentation, active contour, graph cut and neural network. The aim is to develop a generic coverage measurement algorithm, which is accurate and robust to variations in illumination, shot type, coverage level and has real-time capabilities using a simple experimental setup. The results obtained from each method are discussed and compared against a set of relevant performance criteria.

Automatic coverage measurement of shot peened panels

Shot peening is the process of treating metallic surfaces with a regulated blast of shots to increase material strength and durability. Determining the coverage level of the shots is an important parameter in the assessment of the quality of treatment. Traditionally, coverage measurement is performed manually using a magnifying glass, which leads to inefficiency. Despite the proposal for the use of image segmentation techniques for determining the coverage measurement, literature on this topic is not extensively developed. In this thesis, various relevant image segmentation techniques are investigated including thresholding, edge detection, watershed segmentation, active contour, graph cut and neural network. The aim is to develop a generic coverage measurement algorithm, which is accurate and robust to variations in illumination, shot type, coverage level and has real-time capabilities using a simple experimental setup. The results obtained from each method are discussed and compared against a set of relevant performance criteria.

Uterotonics for prevention of postpartum haemorrhage: EN-BIRTH multi-country validation study

Background Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is a leading cause of preventable maternal mortality worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends uterotonic administration for every woman after birth to prevent PPH. There are no standardised data collected in large-scale measurement platforms. The Every Newborn Birth Indicators Research Tracking in Hospitals (EN-BIRTH) is an observational study to assess the validity of measurement of maternal and newborn indicators, and this paper reports findings regarding measurement of coverage and quality for uterotonics. Methods The EN-BIRTH study took place in five hospitals in Bangladesh, Nepal and Tanzania, from July 2017 to July 2018. Clinical observers collected tablet-based, time-stamped data. We compared observation data for uterotonics to routine hospital register-records and women’s report at exit-interview survey. We analysed the coverage and quality gap for timing and dose of administration. The register design was evaluated against gap analyses and qualitative interview data assessing the barriers and enablers to data recording and use. Results Observed uterotonic coverage was high in all five hospitals (> 99%, 95% CI 98.7–99.8%). Survey-report underestimated coverage (79.5 to 91.7%). “Don’t know” replies varied (2.1 to 14.4%) and were higher after caesarean (3.7 to 59.3%). Overall, there was low accuracy in survey data for details of uterotonic administration (type and timing). Register-recorded coverage varied in four hospitals capturing uterotonics in a specific column (21.6, 64.5, 97.6, 99.4%). The average coverage measurement gap was 18.1% for register-recorded and 6.0% for survey-reported coverage. Uterotonics were given to 15.9% of women within the “right time” (1 min) and 69.8% within 3 min. Women’s report of knowing the purpose of uterotonics after birth ranged from 0.4 to 64.9% between hospitals. Enabling register design and adequate staffing were reported to improve routine recording. Conclusions Routine registers have potential to track uterotonic coverage – register data were highly accurate in two EN-BIRTH hospitals, compared to consistently underestimated coverage by survey-report. Although uterotonic coverage was high, there were gaps in observed quality for timing and dose. Standardisation of register design and implementation could improve data quality and data flow from registers into health management information reporting systems, and requires further assessment.

Photogrammetry dalam Perancangan: Pemetaan dan Pemodelan Kawasan Desa Wisata

ABSTRAKPemetaan kawasan dalam bentuk model yang terukur dengan memanfaatkan teknologi digital dapat mempermudah proses pencitraan kawasan Desa Wisata dan mempermudah dalam proses desain. Artikel mengkaji mengenai studi kelayakan pemodelan visual tiga dimensi (3D) berbasis foto pada lingkup kawasan dengan objek studi Kampung Wisata Rotan Galmantro, Desa Tegalwangi, Kecamatan Weru, Kabupaten Cirebon. Desa wisata ini dipilih karena merupakan bagian dari wilayah pengembangan desa wisata Rotan Galmantro yang memiliki potensi dan dapat dikembangkan sebagai sentra Kampung Wisata yang terletak kurang lebih 12km dari kota Cirebon. Beberapa tahapan dilakukan dalam proses pemetaan kawasan ini, antara lain: (1) Tahap pertama melakukan persiapan sebelum proses pemodelan dilakukan, diantara mempersiapkan alat berupa drone dengan spesifikasi kamera 4K, pemilihan program yang akan digunakan untuk pemotretan, pemilihan teknik pengambilan foto, perencanaan cakupan luas wilayah pengukuran; (2) Tahap kedua melakukan proses pengecekan kondisi lapangan, kalibrasi drone sebelum penerbangan, pemotretan kawasan, pemeriksaan hasil pengambilan gambar, pengolahan foto udara menjadi data kawasan, kalibrasi ukuran dan pemodelan 3D. Hasil pemodelan tiga dimensi bagian dari kawasan Kampung Rotan Galmantro menggunakan teknologi photogrammetry memberikan hasil pemodelan visual tiga dimensi kawasan dengan akurasi yang baik, sesuai dengan kondisi eksisting tanpa harus membuat 3D model dari awal. Proses Perancangan menjadi lebih mudah dan efektif.Kata kunci: Pemodelan 3D Kawasan, Pemodelan Eksisting, Photogrammetry, ABSTRACTMapping the area in the form of a scalable model using digital technology can simplify the process of imaging the Tourism Village area and simplify the design process. This article examines the feasibility study of a photo-based three-dimensional visual modelling (3D) in the area of the object of study in Kampung Wisata Rotan Galmantro, Tegalwangi Village, Weru sub-district, Cirebon District. This tourist village was chosen because it is part of the development area of the Galmantro Rotan tourism village which has potential and can be developed as a tourism village center which is located approximately 12 km from the city of Cirebon. Several stages were implemented in the process of this area, including (1) The first stage, preparations before the modelling process was performed, includes prepared a tool in the form of a drone with 4K camera specifications, selected the program to be used for shooting, selected photo-taking techniques, planned the wide-area coverage measurement; (2) The second stage, arranged the process of checking field conditions, calibrated the drone before the flight, took pictures, aerial photographs process into data area, size calibration and 3D modelling. The results of three-dimensional modelling of the Galmantro Rattan Village area using photogrammetric technology provide three-dimensional visual modelling of the area with accurate results, according to existing conditions without having to create a 3D model from scratch. The design process becomes easier and more effective in terms of time, cost and labour.Keywords: 3D Area Modeling, Existing Modeling, Photogrammetry

How Can We Improve the Measurement of Iron Folic Acid Coverage Globally? Key Findings from Recent Measurement Research

Objectives Daily Iron-Folic Acid (IFA) supplementation is recommended for all pregnant women but there is no global standard coverage indicator. The validity of common IFA consumption indicators is questionable. The WHO UNICEF Technical Expert Advisory Group for Nutrition Monitoring and partners have supported multiple efforts to identify a feasible and valid indicator of IFA coverage for reporting by World Health Assembly member states. Methods In 2019 we conducted 1) key informant interviews (KII) in 8 countries 2) an online survey among 58 nutrition professionals from 31 countries 3) cognitive interviews with postpartum women in Senegal, Bangladesh and Nepal and 4) advanced analysis of determinants of IFA data quality across four Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). Together these methods characterized current challenges and identified ways to improve IFA coverage measurement. Results The KII and online surveys reported similar challenges. Less than half (45%) of online survey respondents were satisfied with their current methods for collecting IFA coverage data. Recommended changes include reduced recall period, adding questions about counseling, including other beneficiary groups and assessing supply issues. Cognitive interviews confirmed that women find it difficult to answer questions about numbers of pills consumed. Results from the DHS data quality analysis are forthcoming. Conclusions IFA coverage measurement is a global priority and there is clear demand for a revised indicator and guidance for collection in survey and administrative systems. While indicators of IFA delivery are more feasible there are promising ways to improve women's report of amount of IFA consumed. Funding Sources Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.