Challenges to Formality from Formal Firms Behaving Informally: Evidence from Central America

This research explores the competitive environment for urban formal sector firms competing against peer formal sector firms behaving informally in Central America. Explored is the upper bound of the formal-informal continuum in a regional economic environment of persistent and widespread economic informality where formal firms may employ informal tactics to gain competitive advantage versus their formal competitors. The 2010 World Bank Enterprise Surveys form the basis for empirical analyses. The results suggest formal firms utilizing informal practices is widespread and is influenced by firm maturity, firm location, industry sector, firm legal status, firm organization, ownership composition, regulatory environment, international quality certification, web presence, entry into global markets, and firm size.

Analisis Pengaruh Komposisi Kepemilikan Terhadap Manajemen Laba Pada Perusahaan Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the effect of ownership composition on earnings management in companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This study method is quantitative research that emphasizes testing of variables through data in the form of numbers and analyzing data with statistical procedures. The population used in this study is the listed company from Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2016 – 2020 and for data testing tools using the SPSS 25 and Eviews 10. Ownership composition is represented by family ownership, institutional ownership, blockholder ownership, debt, firm size, return on equity and sales growth. The results of this study showed that debt is significantly positive on earnings management, sales growth is significant negative on earnings management. Meanwhile, family ownership, institutional ownership, blockholder ownership, firm size and return on equity show no significant results. All independent variables can explain the dependent variable by 31.45% based on the coefficient of determination test.

What drives the performance of different bank-ownership types in Indonesia? The pre- and post-GFC analysis

PurposeThe Indonesian banks play crucial roles in the economy, especially because of less developed bond and stock markets. It has undergone drastic changes in bank-ownership composition over time. This paper aims to analyze the impact of bank-specific characteristics on the performance of different bank-ownership types in Indonesia to determine whether their profitability drivers differ.Design/methodology/approachFixed-effect panel data regression is applied to 1,649 bank-year observations (97 banks throughout 2003–2019). It encompasses the pre- and post-global financial crisis (GFC) period.FindingsThe findings show that age, liquidity, equity and credit risk are significant determinants of bank performance. The significance of these effects differs for each bank-ownership type and show changes between the pre-GFC and post-GFC periods.Research limitations/implicationsNotwithstanding the merit of this paper, the results are not without limitations. This paper only focuses on one country. Furthermore, the prominence of banks relative to bond and stock markets with consideration of the GDP of countries may result in different findingsPractical implicationsThese findings provide the owners and managers of banks with information that can be applied to compare and assess own bank drivers and performance to enhance their own efficiency. The findings also inform bank authorities and regulators about differences in performance drivers that could be considered in changes to policies aimed at improving the performance of different bank-ownership types.Originality/valueThis paper is a pioneer study that focuses on the drivers of bank performance for different ownership types during the pre- and post-GFC periods in a country where the financial market is overall small and bank credits dominate capital supply.

Ownership composition and intellectual capital disclosure: Indonesia as a case study

This study explores whether ownership structure (comprising ownership concentration, foreign, managerial, and institutional ownership) affects intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) in Southeast Asia’s largest stock market and Indonesia’s emerging economy. The sample includes 323 public firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from seven industries between 2008 and 2017, or 2,634 firm-year observations. Data were analyzed using the ordinary least squares (OLS) regression with robust standard errors. The results show that ICD is positively related to ownership concentration. A negative and substantial relationship was found for both foreign and managerial ownerships, while the institutional ownership variable had a negative and insignificant impact. Overall, the results show robust conclusions regarding the impact of the ownership structure on ICD. The findings of this investigation could be taken into account by capital market authorities such as the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) to raise awareness of intellectual capital and improve ICD practices. Acknowledgment The researchers are grateful for the valuable responses from two unnamed reviewers and discussion respondents at Mulawarman University. We also thank the Indonesia Stock Exchanges (IDX) and The Indonesia Capital Market Institute for providing the annual report.

Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code 2016: revisiting with market reality

Purpose This paper aims to revisit the Indian experience on corporate bankruptcy law to answer “why Indian corporate insolvency law structured differently from a manager-driven (pre-Insolvency Code) to manager-displacing model (post-Insolvency Code)?” Design/methodology/approach This paper is qualitative in nature. The paper analyses the prevailing theoretical wisdom in corporate insolvency law in India and examines the practices of Indian bankruptcy regime. Findings The authors argued, considering the corporate ownership composition, the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code 2016 will not accomplish the intended objective (i.e. the “creditor primacy”). The findings refute with the evolutionary theory, i.e. debt and equity both will tend towards dispersion in outsider system of governance. Originality/value This paper put forward the imprint that Indian corporate insolvency regime is manager-displacing under Law on Books and manager-driven under Law on Practice.

The The Effect of Corporate Governance Characteristics on Publication of Financial Statements on the Indonesia Stock Exchange

This study aims to analyze corporate governance towards the publication of financial statements on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The end of the financial year until the date of publication of the financial statements as a period of reporting time lag. Ownership composition, characteristics of directors and commissioners, and audit committee as a proxy for corporate governance. Proportional strata method for selecting a sample of 775 annual reports, for the period 2013-2014 from nine industry groups. Multiple regression analysis techniques, using control variables of size, performance, auditor quality, and type of industry. The results showed that ownership, board meetings, and audit committee meetings, as well as the number of commissioners and audit committees, had a significant effect on the issuance of issuers' audit reports. While the independence of directors and commissioners does not affect.spacing.

ANALYSIS OF FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ON EARNINGS MANAGEMENT IN MANUFACTURING COMPANY LISTED IN INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE

The consistent implementation of good corporate governance based on fairness, transparency, and accountability is proven to improve the quality of financial statements.This study aims to determine the influence of indicators of good corporate governance indicators to earnings management in Manufacturing Companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The sampling method is porposive samling by taking a sample of 30 manufacturing companies in the consumer goods industry sector which publishes annual report complete year 2014-2018.The results showed that simultaneously and partially, managerial ownership, composition of board of commissioner, audit committee and audit quality of KAP size have a positive effect on earnings management.Variable composition of board of commissioner has the most dominant influence to earnings management, shown by value of Standardized efficients Beta 0,303 bigger of the value of Standardized Coefficients Beta of other independent variables.

How multiple large shareholders affect bank profitability under the dispersion and the coalition hypotheses? An insight from the MENA region

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to examine whether multiple large shareholders and their interactions affect bank profitability in the MENA region.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve this goal, we used a sample of conventional banks in the MENA region observed during the period 2004–2015. We performed the System Generalized Method of Moment as the empirical approach.FindingsEmpirical results indicate that under the dispersion hypothesis, multiple large shareholders (MLS) tend to reduce bank profitability for both return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). However, under the alignment of interests’ hypothesis, coalition between the first and the second largest shareholder increases bank profitability only for ROA. We also find that an additional large shareholder, beyond the two largest, reduces bank return equity.Originality/valueTo the best of our knowledge, to date, there is no study that investigates the effect of MLS and the bank profitability in the MENA region. Indeed, this study shows the importance of considering ownership composition among large shareholders in banking studies.

PENGARUH GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN PERBANKAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

This study aims to examine and analyze the influence of good corporate governance on corporate financial performance. Good corporate governance in this study is proxied by percentage of institutional ownership, composition of board of directors and composition of independent commissioner. The financial performance of a banking company is measured by Return on Equity (ROE). The population of this study are banking companies Book II and III listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI), amounting to 29 companies. The technique of the sample using purposive sampling obtained 19 companies. The type of data used is secondary data. Data analysis technique in this research use multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study partially indicate that the percentage of institutional ownership, composition of board of directors and composition of independent commissioner has no significant effect with the direction of negative coefficient on ROE. While the simultaneous percentage of institutional ownership, the composition of the board of directors and the composition of independent commissioners composition have significant effect on ROE with positive coefficient direction.