Construindo uma visão geral dos Projetos Especiais de Impacto Urbano de 2º Grau em Porto Alegre

This article presents an overview of the projects approved in Porto Alegre between the years 2010 and 2019, through the city’s Special Projects of Urban Impact (PE) development instrument. The concept of “flexible planning” is presented to explain the type of planning practiced today and to describe the PE instrument as outlined in the Porto Alegre Master Plan. In the article, the PE normative framework is presented, followed by a statistical and socio-spatial description of the projects undertaken. The patterns regarding the socioeconomic and urban requirements are presented, as well as the community contributions or benefits that resulted from these projects. The research reveals that, rather than being exceptions, Special Projects have become the norm for large developments in Porto Alegre, resulting in a shock wave of large real estate developments in the city.

Assessment of the Urban Impact on Surface and Screen-Level Temperature in the ALADIN-Climate Driven SURFEX Land Surface Model for Budapest

Land surface models with detailed urban parameterization schemes provide adequate tools to estimate the impact of climate change in cities, because they rely on the results of the regional climate model, while operating on km scale at low cost. In this paper, the SURFEX land surface model driven by the evaluation and control runs of ALADIN-Climate regional climate model is validated over Budapest from the aspect of urban impact on temperature. First, surface temperature of SURFEX with forcings from ERA-Interim driven ALADIN-Climate was compared against the MODIS land surface temperature for a 3-year period. Second, the impact of the ARPEGE global climate model driven ALADIN-Climate was assessed on the 2 m temperature of SURFEX and was validated against measurements of a suburban station for 30 years. The spatial extent of surface urban heat island (SUHI) is exaggerated in SURFEX from spring to autumn, because the urbanized gridcells are generally warmer than their rural vicinity, while the observed SUHI extent is more variable. The model reasonably simulates the seasonal means and diurnal cycle of the 2 m temperature in the suburban gridpoint, except summer when strong positive bias occurs. However, comparing the two experiments from the aspect of nocturnal UHI, only minor differences arose. The thorough validation underpins the applicability of SURFEX driven by ALADIN-Climate for future urban climate projections.

La Frontera Interior: proceso comunitario e impacto urbano en los espacios colectivos de apropiación ciudadana del distrito de Tetuán = The Inner Border : Community Process and Urban Impact in the Citizen Appropriated Collective Spaces of the Tetuán District

ResumenLa autogestión de espacios colectivos organizada por comunidades locales es con frecuencia objeto de una estetización de lo colectivo o es reducida a una forma de ocio urbano, obviando la base política y espacial específica de cada iniciativa. Los espacios autogestionados son una forma de producción alternativa de espacios colectivos y potencialmente una plataforma para la innovación social. El estudio se centra en el distrito de Tetuán como parte de la periferia interior madrileña, como objeto de procesos urbanos de transformación y gentrificación, así como enclave de resistencia y activismo vecinal. Se sostiene que el proceso comunitario es la clave de la sostenibilidad de los espacios colectivos de apropiación ciudadana y no puede ser cooptado por la administración. La apropiación ciudadana surge como respuesta a conflictos y necesidades tanto sociales como espaciales, instaurando espacios de resistencia en un contexto de conflicto urbano.AbstractSelf-management of collective spaces, organized by grassroot communities, often falls under an aestheticization of the collective or is reduced to anecdotic urban leisure, leaving out the spatial and political bases of each specific initiative. Self-managed spaces present an alternative production of collective spaces and can be a platform for social innovation. The study focuses on the Tetuán District as an enclave in the inner periphery of Madrid. The neighbourhood has experienced deep urban transformations and is under a process of gentrification. It is also a space of community resistance where neighbourhood activism has a long tradition. It is argued that the community process is the key for the sustainability of appropriated collective spaces and cannot be co-opted by the administration. These spaces are a reaction to spatial and social conflicts and necessities, creating rebel spaces in a context of urban conflict.

Historical dimension of the railway network, its economic and urban impact in San José de Cúcuta

The research aims to analyse the process of coverage of the railway network from England to San José de Cúcuta - Colombia, its impact as a transport system in the urban configuration. The research follows a qualitative approach from documentary analysis, which explores the historical particularities that make this process a significant event in the history of Colombia and the city of Cúcuta and quantitative by analysing mathematical models in productivity. It is concluded that the railway allowed the commercial exchange and development of the region, achieving its highest productivity in the thirties, and initiates a potential decline in the forties.