The effect of phenylephrine hydrochloride 2.5 % and sodium hyaluronate solution on visual functions and accommodation in children with myopia and its local tolerability

Purpose: to evaluate visual functions, accommodation, and local tolerance in children instilled with Phenylephrine hydrochloride 2.5 % and sodium hyaluronate solution (Stelphrin Supra). Material and methods. 30 children (60 eyes) aged 8 to 12 (ave. 10.04 ± 0.24) with low (28 eyes) and moderate (32 eyes) myopia (ave. -2.96 ± 0.17 D) were tested. Refractometry, subjective and objective accommodation, optical biometry, anterior corneal surface examination, Norn test, and polling were performed prior to one-time instillation, 30 minutes after it, and after 1 month of daily bedtime instillations of Stelphrin Supra. Results. We noted a significant decrease in the tone of accommodation in the open field by 90 % from the initial value, an approximation of the nearest point of clear vision by 27 %, an increase in the volume of absolute accommodation by 57 % and the objective amplitude of accommodation by 20 %, which indicates an increase in the accommodation ability. The pupil width increased 30 minutes after a single instillation of Stelphrin Supra, which coincided with an increase in the relative accommodation reserve by 25 % from the initial one. After a month, the pupil width significantly decreased, and the positive relative accommodation reserve decreased to a level only 12 % higher than the original one. Tear film break time significantly increased by 0.89 sec, singular spot stainings disappeared in 2 out of 6 patients, lacrimation — in 6 out of 10, pain — in 1 out of 2, blurring in 4 out of 6, feeling of “sand” — in 7 out of 9 patients who had these symptoms before instillations. Conclusion. Regular instillations of Stelphrin Supra reduce the habitual tone of accommodation, increase the accommodation ability, and improve the condition of the eye surface.

Respons bibit kopi Liberika hasil sambung pucuk dengan kopi Robusta pada berbagai panjang entres dan inokulasi mikoriza

Grafting bibit kopi memiliki tujuan menghasilkan tanaman dengan karakteristik terbaik dari dua varietas kopi yang disambungkan. Kopi robusta digunakan sebagai batang bawah, karena lebih tahan terhadap kondisi yang tidak menguntungkan di lahan gambut. Upaya peningkatan ketahanan batang bawah dapat memanfaatkan mikoriza dan disambungkan dengan kopi liberika sebagai batang atas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan bibit kopi Liberika unggul hasil grafting dengan kopi Robusta bermikoriza serta mendapatkan panjang entres kopi Liberika yang mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan bibit kopi Liberika hasil sambung pucuk. Percobaan ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap faktorial dengan dua faktor dan empat ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah inokulasi mikoriza (tanpa aplikasi mikoriza dan aplikasi mikoriza gabungan Glomus sp-1a dan Glomus sp-3c) dan faktor kedua berupa panjang entres (10, 15, 20 dan 25 cm). Parameter yang diamati adalah persentase keberhasilan sambungan, waktu pecah tunas, pertambahan tinggi bibit, pertambahan jumlah daun, jumlah tunas, bobot kering tunas, dan infeksi mikoriza. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan respons bibit kopi Liberika hasil grafting dengan bibit kopi Robusta bermikoriza terbaik diperoleh pada panjang entres 15 cm, sedangkan yang disambungkan dengan Robusta tidak bermikoriza diperoleh pada panjang entres 25 cm. Pertumbuhan bibit kopi Liberika hasil grafting dengan bibit kopi Robusta terbaik pada berbagai panjang entres diperoleh pada kopi Robusta bermikoriza.” The main goal of coffee grafting is to create a crop with the best characteristic of two coffee varieties in one plant. Robusta coffee is used as the rootstock, which is more resistant to constraints and unfavorable conditions in the peatland. The effort to increase rootstock resistance is inoculated by mycorrhizae and grafted with Liberica coffee as the scion. This study aimed to obtain the best scion length in order to increase the growth of Liberica coffee with Robusta coffee as the inoculated rootstock. The experiment used factorial completely randomized design with the first factor was mycorrhizae inoculation (without inoculation and inoculation of Glomus sp-1a and Glomus sp-3c combination) and the second factor was the length of scion (10, 15, 20 and 25 cm). The variables observed were the percentage of success grafted plants, shoot break time, growth (plant height, number of leave, number of shoots, and shoot dry weight) and mycorrhizae infection. The results showed that the plant inoculated by mycorrhizae and scion lenght of 15 cm gave the best percentage of the success graft, shoot break time, and growth of scion. While, the root stock without inoculation showed the best result with the scion length 25 cm. The best growth of grafted plant was obtained in all scion length with mycorrhizae inoculation.

Aplikasi Zat Pengatur Tumbuh dengan Jumlah Daun Entres yang Berbeda terhadap Keberhasilan Sambung Pucuk Durian (Application of Plant Growth Regulator with Different Number of Scion Leaves on Success of Durian Top Grafting)

<p>Perbanyakan tanaman secara vegetatif menggunakan teknik sambung pucuk dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif untuk menghasilkan benih yang bermutu. Namun, masalah yang sering terjadi pada sambung pucuk adalah kegagalan sambung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan jenis zat pengatur tumbuh, jumlah daun entres, dan kombinasi perlakuan yang memberikan hasil terbaik terhadap keberhasilan sambung pucuk durian. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2018 sampai Januari 2019 di Desa Alasmalang, Kemranjen, Banyumas. Percobaan yang dilakukan merupakan percobaan pot dengan rancangan faktorial. Perlakuan pada penelitian ini adalah kombinasi antara zat pengatur tumbuh (kontrol, ekstrak tauge, air kelapa, IBA, dan BAP) dan jumlah daun entres (2, 4, dan 6 helai). Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap dengan 15 perlakuan dan diulang tiga kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan ZPT IBA dan BAP memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah tunas sambung pucuk tanaman durian, yaitu sebesar 2,711 dan 2,822 dan perlakuan jumlah daun entres dua helai memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap waktu pecah tunas, jumlah tunas, dan pertambahan jumlah daun sambung pucuk tanaman durian, yaitu sebesar 2,3 helai.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Sambung pucuk durian; Daun entres; Zat pengatur tumbuh</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Vegetative propagation of plants using shoot grafting can be used as an alternative to produce quality seeds. The problem that often occours in top grafting is the failure to graft. This experiment aims to obtain the type of plant growth regulator, the number of scion’s leaves, and the combination that give the best results for growth of top grafting in durian. The research was conducted in November 2018 to January 2019 in Alasmalang Village, Kemranjen, Banyumas. The experiment was a pot experiment with a factorial design. The treatment was a combination of growth regulator (control, bean extract, coconut water, IBA, and BAP) and number of scion leaves (2, 4, and 6 strands). The research design used was a RCBD with 15 treatments and three replications. The results showed that the treatment of PGR IBA and BAP had a significant effect on the number of grafted shoots of durian plants, namely 2.711 and 2.822 and the treatment of the number of leaves of two leaves had a significant effect on shoot break time, the number of shoots and the increase in the number of grafted leaves of durian plants, namely amounting to 2.3 strands.</p>

Process Design & Development Using Smed Concept- A Case Study

The growth of the industry and its production ultimately depends on its ability to respond systematically and continuously to market changes to increase product value. The process of adding value is necessary to obtain this advantage; therefore using a coherent production system and its tools becomes a key skill. Since the set time is the main reason for the production break time, a short set time is always desirable. The Single Minute Exchange of Dies (SMED) as proposed by Shingo is a tool that aims to reduce overtime setting, but does not work when used alone. SMED can be used effectively with the help of additional tools such as FMRS (Finish, Merge, Reduce and Simplify). This paper describes the process of planning and implementing SMED and other useful tools. It is based on a collaborative approach that allows for a gradual reduction in machine set-up time associated with an ongoing continuity program.

Injuries in underwater rugby: a retrospective cross-sectional epidemiological study

Introduction: Underwater rugby (UWR) is a team sport which combines swimming sprints, apnoea diving, a good overview of the three-dimensional underwater space and wrestling for the ball.This was the first epidemiological study of UWR injuries in a large international collective. Methods: A questionnaire containing 124 questions was distributed to 198 active UWR players and completed under the supervision of medical staff. Demographic data and information about injuries in ten different body regions were collected. Results: Of the 198 respondents, 106 (53.5%) were male and 92 (46.5%) were female. On average, each UWR player suffered a median of 19.5 (IQR 44) injuries. Based on the exposure time, means of 37.7 (SD 90.0) injuries per 1000 playing hours per player and 9.9 (20.1) injuries per year were found. Significant injuries mainly occurred to the head region (45.7%). Bruises and sprains were observed more often than fractures and dislocations. Male athletes had a longer total injury break time (median 4.8 [IQR 10.5] days), than female athletes (4 [8.6] days). Female athletes had more injuries (median 20 [IQR 26.8]) than male athletes (18.5 [63]). The length of the injury-related break time increased with the rise in body mass index. Conclusions: The risk of severe injury in UWR is low compared to other ball sports like water polo and rugby. UWR is played under water and the impact of tackles is lessened by the water. Further studies should record chronic injuries in UWR and establish measures to prevent injury.

Hierarchical microphase separation in non-conserved active mixtures

Non-equilibrium phase separating systems with reactions, such as biomolecular condensates and bacteria colonies, can break time-reversal symmetry (TRS) in two distinct ways. Firstly, the conservative and non-conservative sectors of the dynamics can be governed by incompatible free energies; when both sectors are present, this is the leading-order TRS violation, captured in its simplest form by ‘Model AB’. Second, the diffusive dynamics can break TRS in its own right. This happens only at higher order in the gradient expansion (but is the leading behaviour without reactions present) and is captured by ‘Active Model B+’ (AMB+). Each of the two mechanisms can lead to microphase separation, by quite different routes. Here we introduce Model AB+, for which both mechanisms are simultaneously present, and show that for slow reaction rates the system can undergo a new type of hierarchical microphase separation, which we call ‘bubbly microphase separation’. In this state, small droplets of one fluid are continuously created and absorbed into large droplets, whose length-scales are controlled by the competing reactive and diffusive dynamics.

Effect of Unmeasured Time Hours on Occupational Noise Exposure Assessment in the Shipbuilding Process in Korea

Occupational noise is known to be one of the most hazardous risk factors, frequently exceeding the exposure limit thus causing hearing loss and other health outcomes among many field workers in various industries and workplaces. This study aims to characterize the levels of occupational noise exposure during the daily working hours and break periods (sampling preparation and lunch break), identify work-related characteristics affecting the noise exposure levels when including or excluding the break periods and finally determine the most effective approach for occupational noise exposure assessment by using the Korean and U.S. OSHA’s guidelines. A total of 1575 workers employed by a large shipbuilding company participated in this study, and the historical exposure datasets of noise dosimeters, collected from 2016 to 2018, were classified by characteristics. A threshold level (TL) for the noise dosimeter was set as a value of 80 dBA during the break periods, including the preparation time for sampling instruments and one hour for the lunch break. The shipbuilding workers were exposed to high levels of occupational noise during the break periods, especially for those working in heating, grinding, and power processes in the painting-related departments. Out of 1575 samples, most cases were related to the preparation time (N = 1432, 90.9%) and lunch break (N = 1359, 86.9%). During the break time, the levels of noise exposure were measured depending on task-specific characteristics. When including the break time, the noise levels increased by approximately 1 dBA during the break, combining 0.8 dBA in the lunch hours and 0.2 dBA for the preparation of the sampling instrument. When excluding the break time, the levels of noise exposure collected using a Korean Occupational Safety and Health Administration (KOSHA) guide tended to be underestimated compared to those using the U.S. OSHA method. When including the break times, the proportion of noise exposure levels exceeding the compliance exposure limit declined from 37.9% to 34.5%, indicating that the break times might affect the decrease in the noise exposure levels. Taken together, shipbuilding workers could possibly be exposed to much greater amounts of noise exposure during break times in the shipbuilding processes, and the noise exposure levels in the department of painting were high. Therefore, it is recommended that industrial hygienists collect exposure monitoring data of occupational noise one hour after their job tasks begin and then consecutively monitor the noise exposure levels for at least 6 h including the break periods for each day.

ANALISIS MODEL ANTRIAN KEGIATAN KENDARAAN OPERASIONAL DINAS DI KABUPATEN BANYUMAS TAHUN 2020

Queues can occur when the need for a service exceeds the available capacity for that service. This study aims to determine the queuing model for the regional service vehicle apel activity in Banyumas Regency in 2020, the effectiveness of the number officers service, and create a simulation model of the queuing model. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the queuing system at the vehicle service with two officers uses a single-phase multi-channel queue structure, queuing discipline is First Come First Served and distribution arrival is Poisson and services with Eksponensial distribution, so the queuing model used is (M/M/s). From the results of calculations using POM for windows the level of service activity is 50% of the times, the average number of apple participants in the system is 1,33 people, the average number of apple participants in the queue is 0,33 people, the average time in the system is 6,6 minutes and the average time in the queue is 1,8 minutes. Because the results of the calculation (1-r) are 50% of the break time, so the regional service vehicle apel in Banyumas Regency in 2020 officer is enough with two officers and has been effective.

A Lunch Break Time and Its Impact on Employees Health, Performance and Stress on Work

Employees’ health, performance, and stress problem have become a major issue in today’s workplace globally. These problems are linked to various factors. In this study, we contributed the rationality of having a one-hour lunch break at the workplace. Drawing on extant literature, we developed a theoretical model in this study. The results showed a positive impact on employees’ health, performance and reduced stress at work if the favorable one-hour lunch break is practiced. The study also gives support to prevent absenteeism, improve job satisfaction, and employees' positive attitude towards work.