A Hybrid Fuzzy-Neural Model for Pattern Detection to Predict the Egyptian Stocks Price Movement Direction

In this paper, a hybrid fuzzy-neural system for Egyptian stocks price prediction is proposed. The model helps choosing the right stock mixture with the highest profit within a certain risk factor. A hybrid fuzzy-neural system is applied to significantly save effort and time of portfolio managers. The model increases the individual investors’ local market understanding by providing buy and sells signals that reflect market sentiments, breaking news and technical analysis expectations. An implemented system of the proposed model has demonstrated a promising performance of the applied test datasets containing 100 Stock Symbols over the past 9 years (January 2009-July 2018). The prediction accuracy of the model is computed by comparing the applied system predicted results against the actual results of the Egyptian stock market during the test period.

Origin of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) at sea in Icelandic waters

The origin and life history of 186 Atlantic salmon caught at sea within Icelandic waters were investigated using microsatellites to assess the origin and scales and otoliths to assess freshwater and sea age. A total of 184 samples were aged using scales or otolithes or both. Most of the samples were from individuals in their first year at sea (72.8%). The freshwater age varied from 1 to 5 years with an average of 2.6 years. The most common freshwater age was 2 years (42%), with a further substantial proportion of 3-year-old fish (28%). Genetic assignment of individual fish to their most likely population of origin was performed using Bayesian genetic individual assignments with a baseline consisting of 284 Eastern Atlantic rivers and 466 sample sites genotyped at the 14 microsatellite. A total of 186 samples of salmon caught at sea were assigned to their origin. Eight samples, from post-smolts and caught close to land, were assigned as having come from Iceland. Of the remaining 178 samples, 121 individuals (68%) were from the Southern Group, i.e. from mainland Europe, the UK, and Ireland, 53 individuals (30%) were from the Northern Group, i.e. Scandinavia and Northern Russia, and 4 individuals were from Iceland (2%). Stock mixture proportions were estimated for four periods using ONCOR and cBAYES. Stock mixture analysis generally supported the individual assignments, but did not suggest a seasonal component to the distribution of salmon stocks. These results indicate that the sea south and east of Iceland are important as feeding areas for migrating Atlantic salmon, particularly for salmon originating in the UK, Ireland, and southern Europe. Furthermore, the lack of adult Icelandic fish so close to Iceland is remarkable and suggests that Atlantic salmon from Icelandic stocks are using different feeding grounds.

Spawning-Age Differences and their Temporal Trends in Wild and Sea-Ranched Atlantic Salmon Stocks, from Stock Mixture Data

Origin and age was determined for individual fish caught in offshore catches of Atlantic salmon stocks (Salmo salar L.) in the Baltic Sea over the years 2000–2009. DNA microsatellite loci and smolt age were used to probabilistically assign returning spawners to their stock of origin. Data for this study were based on approximately 2600 catch samples of the five most common wild and four sea-ranched, hatchery-reared stocks. Spawning age, and sex ratio differed both within and between these wild, and sea-ranched groups. The females were mainly (78.7%) two sea-winters old and the males usually (68.7%) only one sea-winter old. In both sexes, the mean age at maturity was lower in the hatchery-reared, sea-ranched stocks than in naturally reproducing stocks. In the 2000s, there was a weak decreasing trend in the male spawning age, but not in that of females. The sex-ratio of the spawners was female dominant in the naturally reproducing stocks, but male dominant in hatchery-reared stocks. Published historical data from two of the same rivers suggest that the majority of males were multi-sea-winter spawners in the 1930s, and variation in the age distribution of the spawners has become narrower and skewed towards a younger age in the present data (2000–2009) compared to the earlier situation.

Integrated stock mixture analysis for continous and categorical data, with application to genetic–otolith combinations

Fish populations or stocks often intermix on fishing grounds, thus posing problems for stock assessors or managers attempting to optimize yields and minimize overexploitation of individual stocks. A Bayesian framework is developed here to simultaneously analyse many of the different data types (e.g., otolith elemental composition, nuclear and mitochondrial DNA) that have been used to identify stock origins of fish in mixed groups and thus take maximal advantage of the available information. Elements of this framework include the capability to analyse each data type either separately or in combination for any number of mixed-group samples, Bayesian credible intervals to evaluate the uncertainty associated with the estimated proportion of the original stocks in the mixed groups, and posterior predictive diagnostics to evaluate the assumptions of the underlying models. The framework was used to re-analyse a subset of otolith elemental composition and microsatellite allele frequency data obtained from the same fish from Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ) stocks in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada.

Genetic variation in restored Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) populations in the Ulla and Lérez rivers, Galicia, Spain

The populations of Atlantic salmon in the Ulla and Lérez rivers, located in Galicia in northwestern Spain, were close to extinction early in the 1990s. A restoration programme involving supportive breeding has been conducted since 1995, using a mixture of salmon populations from several Galician rivers. The programme utilizes progeny of adults returning to the rivers and wild parr reared in fresh water until maturity. Five microsatellite loci were used to compare genetic variability in the restored populations with that in populations before their collapse in the 1950s. DNA samples were obtained from scale collections (old samples) and from tissue samples of live fish caught in the rivers (modern samples). Average heterozygosities and allelic richness are very similar in modern and old samples. Populations inhabiting the Ulla and Lérez rivers today are more similar than they were in the past, possibly because they originated in the same stock mixture.