Analgesic Efficacy of Etoricoxib following Third Molar Surgery: A Meta-analysis

Background. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to assess the clinical efficacy of etoricoxib in comparison with traditional NSAIDs for postoperative pain after third molar surgery. Methods. The quality of studies found in PubMed and Google Scholar was evaluated with Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool. Data on total consumption of rescue analgesics, number of patients using rescue analgesics, global assessment of study treatments, and adverse effects were extracted exclusively from high-quality clinical trials. Each meta-analysis was performed with the Review Manager Software 5.3 for Windows. Results. The qualitative analysis showed that etoricoxib has better analgesic activity when compared with ibuprofen (2 clinical trials) and diclofenac (1 clinical trial). A similar analgesic efficacy between etoricoxib and nonselective Cox-2 NSAIDs was informed in 3/8 studies (2 compared to ibuprofen and 1 to naproxen sodium). Moreover, the number of patients requiring rescue analgesics in the postoperative period showed a statistical difference in favor of etoricoxib when compared to NSAIDs. Conclusion. Etoricoxib significantly reduces the number of patients needing rescue analgesics compared to NSAIDs after third molar surgery.

A STUDY ON THE DETAILED DESCRIPTION OFFIFTH DISEASE& MYSTERY REGARDING THE NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT OFFIFTH DISEASE

Fifth disease is a mild rash illness, caused due to parvovirus B19. This will be mainly seen in children compare to adults. Other names for this include: ErythemaInfectiosum (EI), Slapped cheek syndrome. Epidemics of erythema infectiosum mainly occurs in late winter or early spring. Tests for this include specific parvovirus B19 IgM antibody. IgM antibodies usually founds within 7 to 10 days of virus exposure, the remain measures are from 2 to 3 months after exposure to virus. Symptoms mainlyincludes rash, headache, fatigue, low-grade fever. However,there is no vaccine or medicine that prevent parvovirus B19 infection. Adults who have symptoms of joint pain and swelling may need rest, to alter their activities. Andtake Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like Aspirin, Ibuprofen, or Naproxen sodium. Patients who are suffering with chronic parvovirus arthritis occasionally benefit from drugs such as hydroxychloroquine and corticosteroids and also, they want to avoid dairy products, Sweets and sugar. They want to increase their fluid intake and vitamin c supplements to improve their immune system.

Selective Adsorption of Aqueous Diclofenac Sodium, Naproxen Sodium, and Ibuprofen Using a Stable Fe3O4–FeBTC Metal–Organic Frameworka

The FeBTC metal–organic framework (MOF) incorporated with magnetite is proposed as a novel material to solve water contamination with last generation pollutants. The material was synthesized by in situ solvothermal methods, and Fe3O4 nanoparticles were added during FeBTC MOF synthesis and used in drug adsorption. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy characterized the materials, with N2-physisorption at 77 K. Pseudo-second-order kinetic and Freundlich models were used to describe the adsorption process. The thermodynamic study revealed that the adsorption of three drugs was a feasible, spontaneous exothermic process. The incorporation of magnetite nanoparticles in the FeBTC increased the adsorption capacity of pristine FeBTC. The Fe3O4–FeBTC material showed a maximum adsorption capacity for diclofenac sodium (DCF), then by ibuprofen (IB), and to a lesser extent by naproxen sodium (NS). Additionally, hybridization of the FeBTC with magnetite nanoparticles reinforced the most vulnerable part of the MOF, increasing the stability of its thermal and aqueous media. The electrostatic interaction, H-bonding, and interactions in the open-metal sites played vital roles in the drug adsorption. The sites’ competition in the multicomponent mixture’s adsorption showed selective adsorption (DCF) and (NS). This work shows how superficial modification with a low-surface-area MOF can achieve significant adsorption results in water pollutants.

Percutaneous Absorption Enhancer Properties of Lavandula Angustifolia Essential Oil on Percutaneous Absorption of Naproxen Sodium from Topical Gel

The naproxen bioavailability via percutaneous route is low, and several technologies have been used to overcome the problem. Although the permeation enhancer properties of natural essential oils have been reported, there is no study to show the effectiveness of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil on the percutaneous absorption of naproxen sodium from a topical gel to overcome poor percutaneous absorption of naproxen. To this end, the naproxen topical gel was formulated using Carbopol 940 (as a gelling agent), and several vehicles. The results showed a greater level of penetration into (222.19 ± 24.87 vs. 107.65 ± 6.38 µg/cm 2 ) and across (22.07 ± 4.42 vs. 13.14 ± 2.87µg/cm 2 ) the skin layers for the formulation containing essential oil in comparison with the naproxen gel ( P < 0.05) . A significant antinociceptive property was observed in naproxen topical gel containing 0.5% essential oil in both the first and late phase of the formalin test. The effect was observed in the late phase of the tail-flick test too. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that Lavandula angustifolia essential oil significantly enhanced the percutaneous absorption of naproxen and the analgesic effects.

DESIGNING AND OPTIMIZATION OF NAPROXEN SODIUM DEFORMABLE VESICULAR SYSTEMS THROUGH FACTORIAL DESIGN: BOX BEHENKEN MODEL

Objective: The objective of this investigation was to develop and statistically optimize deformable vesicles such as transfersomes and transethosomes of Naproxen sodium by employing 33factorial designs through software Design expert version 12 (Box–Behnken design) for dermal delivery. Methods: The levels of the drug, phosphatidylcholine, and span 80 (independent variables) were varied to study the influence on vesicle size and % entrapment efficiency (dependent variables) of transfersomes and for transethosomes, the levels of phosphatidylcholine, ethanol, and span 80 were selected as independent variables Second-order quadratic polynomial equation, 2D and 3D contour plots represented the relationship between variables and desired response. The optimization process was carried out using desirability plots and point prediction techniques. Results: Results of the present study demonstrated that optimized transfersomes and transethosomes showed vesicle sizes of 114.91 nm and 102.91 nm respectively, while entrapment efficiency of 80.11 % and 86.97%, respectively. Both formulations showed high zeta potential values indicating the stability of the optimized formulation. ANOVA statistical results showed a significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results indicated that the independent variable plays a crucial role in optimizing a formulation that can be used for further research studies. Present preliminary study data provided strong evidence that the optimized deformable vesicular formulations through box Behnken factorial design can be a potentially useful drug carrier for naproxen sodium dermal delivery with minimum vesicle size and efficient entrapment efficiency.