A Technical Study of a 17th-Century Manuscript of Muḥammad Bin Sulaymān al-Jazūlī’s Dalāʾil al-Khayrāt

In the spring of 2017, the Islamic Art Department, within The Metropolitan Museum of Art (TMMA), acquired an Islamic prayer book, the Dalāʾil al-Khayrāt by Muḥammad bin Sulaymān al-Jazūlī. This paper discusses the findings of a technical study undertaken in the museum’s Sherman Fairchild Center for the Conservation of Works of Art on Paper, focusing on the materials and techniques of one manuscript acquisition specifically, MMA 2017.301. The nature, properties, and characteristics of the text block paper, fiber and pigment identification, chemical compositions, condition assessment, and inherent deterioration mechanisms within the palette are described. The colophon at the end of the manuscript mentions a patron, Sīdī Aḥmad b. Dirham al-Mālikī and identifies its calligrapher as Muḥammad bin Aḥmad bin ʿAbd Al-Raḥmān al-Riyāḥī and confirms its creation date as AH 1035/1625–1626 AD.1

Textuality standards of goods labels and packaging

This article deals with the food and drink names. Special attention is given to the peculiarities of goods names in the context of textuality. Names of the beverages and eatables verbalize all features, qualities and individual characteristics of these goods. They create the naming space that consists of four nominative components: brand, individual, genitive, and functional descriptive. These nominative components create the text of labels and packages. Four nominative components function as corresponding text information blocks. It means that food and drink names labels combine two spaces. The first space is naming that is represented with the integrated naming complex. The complex grasps four nominative components. The second space is informational that stores the necessary volume of information and creates a communicative background. The information scope is kept in the text construction. The whole volume is divided into four relevant text blocks. Together all these blocks form text boundaries which outline the text construction. This text construction is characterized with two interdependent features coexisting in the integrated naming complex such as cohesion and coherence. Cohesion is realized on the lexical level involving the mechanism of repetition which is the part of the interaction. On the other hand, the repetition may be complete (the naming unit is repeated literally) and partial (the naming unit is repeated partly). The repetition may be between nearest blocks (having common boundary) and distant blocks (without common boundary). There is some peculiarity in the structure of functional-descriptive text block which functions as a set of subblocks. These subblocks are grasped into four subblock clusters. It indicates that description of goods properties and their usage instructions are significant in the text construction of labels and packages. The results of the research broaden the set of naming units adding to word, phrase, and sentence the next unit recognized as a text.

A Holistic Approach for Automatic Deep Understanding and Protection of Technical Documents

A Technical Document (TD) is mainly composed by a set of modalities appropriately structured and associated. These modalities could be NL-text, block diagrams, formulas, tables, graphics, pictures etc. A deep understanding of a TD will be based on the synergistic understanding and associations of these modalities. This paper offers a novel methodology for the implementation of a holistic approach for deep understanding of technical documents by understanding and associating these modalities. This approach is based on the homogeneous expression (mapping) of the technical document modalities into the same medium, which in this case is the Stochastic Petri-nets (SPN). Then, these modalities are associated to each other generating new knowledge about the technical document topic and a SPN simulator is created to offer additional information about the functional behavior of the system described in the document. Some results from our studies are provided to prove the overall concept.

A Three-Operator Splitting Perspective of a Three-Block ADMM for Convex Quadratic Semidefinite Programming and Beyond

In recent years, several convergent variants of the multi-block alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) have been proposed for solving the convex quadratic semidefinite programming via its dual, which is inherently a [Formula: see text]-block separable convex optimization problem with coupled linear constraints. Among these multi-block ADMM-type algorithms, the modified [Formula: see text]-block ADMM in [Chang, XK, SY Liu and X Li (2016). Modified alternating direction method of multipliers for convex quadratic semidefinite programming. Neurocomputing, 214, 575–586] bears a peculiar feature that the augmented Lagrangian function is not necessarily to be minimized with respect to the block-variable corresponding to the quadratic term in the objective function. In this paper, we lay the theoretical foundation of this phenomenon by interpreting this modified [Formula: see text]-block ADMM as a special implementation of the Davis–Yin [Formula: see text]-operator splitting [Davis, D and WT Yin (2017). A three-operator splitting scheme and its optimization applications. Set-Valued and Variational Analysis, 25, 829–858]. Based on this perspective, we are able to extend this modified [Formula: see text]-block ADMM to a generalized [Formula: see text]-block ADMM, in the sense of [Eckstein, J and DP Bertsekas (1992). On the Douglas–Rachford splitting method and the proximal point algorithm for maximal monotone operators. Mathematical Programming, 55, 293–318], which not only applies to the more general convex composite quadratic programming problems but also admits the flexibility of achieving even better numerical performance.

On the creation of derivative tantras of the Kālacakra teaching. Discovering common text block in the Sekoddeśa and the Śrīkālacakra and revealing traditional data on the relation of the Sekoddeśa to the Ādibuddha

The article presents an investigation of the questions of the components, structure and genesis of the corpus of base texts (tantras) of the Kālacakra Buddhist teaching. Discovering common text block in the Sekoddeśa and the Śrīkālacakra, as well as discovering redaction of the text, that presented in four verses of the Sekoddeśa, in the Śrīkālacakra, evidence in favor of traditional indications that the Sekoddeśa and the Śrīkālacakra are extracts from the Ādibuddha (according to the tradition of the Kalachakra teaching the root text of this teaching; only fragments that according to this tradition belong to this text are known). Due to discovering this common text block and redaction of named text, a hierarchical two-level system of texts for five of the six complete tantras of the Kālacakra teaching was revealed. Through cross-analysis of the Vimalaprabhā and the Sekoddeśaṭippaṇī revealed that according to information presented in these texts, verses 70–79 of the Sekoddeśa have its origins from the second chapter of the Ādibuddha and the Sekoddeśa contains a set of fragments of several chapters of the Ādibuddha. The research presented in the article makes a contribution to the source study in the field of the Kālacakra teaching both in the aspect of methodology and in the aspects of revealing facts and revealing traditional opinions.

Modified Encryption Standard with High Performance through Secure Protocol

The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) has been accepted worldwide as a desirable algorithm to encryption and decryption sensitive information. In cryptography the unencrypted information referrers to as plaintext it is encrypted into cipher-text, which will in turn be decrypted back into the usable plaintext. The encryption and decryption are based on the type of cryptography system and secret keys. The secret key is responsible for preparing the input key to be used by the cipher in each round. AES with one-stage pipeline producing minor reduction of delay but does not show any improvement in area and power consumption. To overcome the above drawbacks, the basic architecture of AES, which includes encryption and decryption can be modified with one stage pipeline architecture by using one- dimensional Substitute Box (SBOX). Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture (AMBA) describes level of an on-chip communication standards for elevated performance embedded microcontrollers. AMBA AHB (Advanced High Performance Bus) is intended for elevated performance and high-frequency clocks. AHB has unique characteristics such as burst transfer, split transaction and single-cycle master bus transfer. 128 bit plain text is guided by AMBA-AHB requirements and can be used to send a plain text block to the cypher per clock cycle.. Plain text of 128 bit is driven by AMBAAdvanced High-performance Bus. AMBA-AHB specifications and supports the transmission to the cipher of a plain text block per clock cycle i.e., Modified Encryption Standard will be implemented with AMBA –AHB driven by input, which provides on-chip communication, increasing security of encryption standard. Propositioning methodology, Modified Encryption Standard will be simulated and synthesized by using Xilinx ISim 14.7 FPGA.