The problem of modern literary criticism between tradition and renewal: The theory of receive and interpretation : إشكالية النقد الأدبي الحديث بين التقليد والتجديد "نظرية التلقي والتأويل"

Identifying the concept of a text, its analysis and interpretation are of great importance in literary critical studies among western and Arab scientists and researchers of all time. This theory was rooted in Arabic Rhetoric and interpretation of Holy Qura'n before the existence of modern linguistics and western theories. Recently, the text- reader relation has been developed in light of these grounded theories assuring that the base of the literary work in the interaction between the text construction and its readers. This interaction is mainly attained from the real interactivity between them both through receive theory as the recipient gets involved expecting something. The most important point is that reading should be productive by adding new dimensions and unlimited to the barriers of the text. The problems of reading and interpretation revolve around two main axes; first, the literary work and nature of the text, second, the interpretation and understanding of the text. Then, the issue is related to the subjectivity and objectivity of the text, and the degree of the reader's understanding and interpretation of it. So, it is a harmonized system that collects the elements of creativity; the author, the reader and the text when relating reading process to receive mechanics and interpretation. The current results confirmed that Arabic Rhetoric and critical literature have significant roles in the treatment of the text and its components.

Authoring support for Spanish language writers

Authoring support consists of (semi)automated aids to be used at different stages during the writing process. Language information, however, tends to be restricted to areas such as spelling and grammar checking or term banks, and text construction difficulties that writers face concerning the structure of particular genres, associated sentence formulations or genre-specific vocabulary have not received proper attention. An additional gap in the research is that this support is generally addressed to English language users. This paper addresses these concerns focusing on a particular genre: the company’s directors’ report, and on Spanish language writers writing in English. A custom-made monolingual corpus has been analyzed using Bhatia (1993, 2004) and Swales (1990, 2004) definitions of genre and move combined with theme characterization. Recurrent strings for each move/step, which are conventionally associated with each rhetorical unit, were identified and formulated as “meta-strings.” The bilingual glossary includes domain-specific items as well as move/step or genre-specific lexical and phraseological options, i.e., elements used irrespective of the business, places or people involved. The results are valuable by themselves, as an analysis of the genre, but also as the empirical basis for the authoring support tool that we present here, and as language training materials.

multimodal forms of tourism promotional discourse in the age COVID-19

The study aimed at finding out the multimodal forms of tourism promotional discourse of promoting hotels in Bali in the age of COVID-19. The theory used in this study is the semiotic theory. In addition, descriptive qualitative is a method used to find forms of advertising, text construction, linguistic aspects, and visual elements of hotel advertisements in the Sanur and Kuta areas in the era of implementing the new normal with researchers as instruments or tools in this study. The data, then, were analyzed inductively. Based on the results of the study, the forms of hotel and tourism advertisements during the implementation of the New Normal were categorized into hotel and tourism audiovisual advertisements and printed hotel and tourism advertisements. Text construction in marketing hotels covers three aspects, namely representational aspects, relational aspects, and textual identity aspects. In addition, the type of semiotic system found in hotel and tourism advertisements during the implementation of the New Normal consists of linguistic aspects, visual forms, and body language. Transcreation of tourism advertisements after the implementation of the new normal consists of verbal, visual, and cultural aspects of advertising.

«Z lupoyu literaturnoho detektyva» (Do problemy identyfikatsiyi utayemnychenykh tekstiv)

The article “Contemporary Ukrainian Poetry” by Oleh Olzhych has been given the status of an authoritative source in domestic literary criticism in recent decades, in particular, in the study of the genesis of emigrant poetry of 1920-1930 and in general on the interpretation of the state of national literature in eastern and western countries, which in the interwar period were respectively under the rule of Russia and Poland. Only the “textual coincidences, general concept and intonation” of the article and Olzhych’s related texts were taken as the basis of identification. Such a technique contains elements of pre-programming of the final result and can lead to erroneous conclusions in identifying the author of the publication. It draws attention to the analogies of text construction, subject matter, lexical and stylistic coincidences, etc., but distracts from what is the main in the objective establishment of the publication of a particular person - the (internal) content of the text. The example of Olzhych’s attitude to the process of development of national literature in the interwar period and especially to the work of his father (Oleksandr Oles) shows that he can’t be the author of a politically quite controversial article “Contemporary Ukrainian Poetry”.

Textuality standards of goods labels and packaging

This article deals with the food and drink names. Special attention is given to the peculiarities of goods names in the context of textuality. Names of the beverages and eatables verbalize all features, qualities and individual characteristics of these goods. They create the naming space that consists of four nominative components: brand, individual, genitive, and functional descriptive. These nominative components create the text of labels and packages. Four nominative components function as corresponding text information blocks. It means that food and drink names labels combine two spaces. The first space is naming that is represented with the integrated naming complex. The complex grasps four nominative components. The second space is informational that stores the necessary volume of information and creates a communicative background. The information scope is kept in the text construction. The whole volume is divided into four relevant text blocks. Together all these blocks form text boundaries which outline the text construction. This text construction is characterized with two interdependent features coexisting in the integrated naming complex such as cohesion and coherence. Cohesion is realized on the lexical level involving the mechanism of repetition which is the part of the interaction. On the other hand, the repetition may be complete (the naming unit is repeated literally) and partial (the naming unit is repeated partly). The repetition may be between nearest blocks (having common boundary) and distant blocks (without common boundary). There is some peculiarity in the structure of functional-descriptive text block which functions as a set of subblocks. These subblocks are grasped into four subblock clusters. It indicates that description of goods properties and their usage instructions are significant in the text construction of labels and packages. The results of the research broaden the set of naming units adding to word, phrase, and sentence the next unit recognized as a text.

Comprehension and metacomprehension of negated text

Previous research has demonstrated that negated text is a particularly difficult text construction, and often leads to readers having difficulty understanding and remembering what they have read. To date, attempts at identifying a strategy that would aid in readers’ comprehension of negation have not been successful. However, in studies focused on affirmative text, readers practicing retrieving information from a text showed improvements in comprehension and more accurate metacomprehension judgments. The present study aimed to determine whether this strategy also benefits readers of passages in which a critical concept has been negated. Interestingly, results demonstrated that while readers judged their comprehension to be better when practicing retrieval, their comprehension was not actually better. These results suggest that simply practicing retrieval information is not necessarily enough to enhance comprehension or metacomprehension of this text construction.

Comics and Heteroglossia

This chapter explores the concept of ‘heteroglossia’ as it might apply to comics production. After adopting the word from Bakhtin, the chapter explores in particular its uses by Martin and White as a component of ‘appraisal’ in language, investigating the ways in which a range of voices might be incorporated in comics form. Using concepts drawn from Michael Halliday, it establishes that there is phylogenetic and ontogenetic dialogue of voices behind comics, before concentrating on the logogenesis of the comics text in the use of hypotactic as well as paratactic forms of image relationship. It argues that the engagement of the reader in mutual text construction, and the necessary incorporation of multiple viewpoints and voices in the text, support the interpersonal and evaluative functions of the comics text.