Perceived Constraints on Participation of Rural Women in Decision-Making Process: Insights from Dairy Farming in Surguja District of Chhattisgarh

The women folk are considered the backbone of the nation and better half of the men in almost all spheres of community development. Rural women constitute about 50% of the total rural population. The present study was conducted in Surguja district of Chhattisgarh to know the extent of participation of rural women in the decision-making process of dairy farming. Data were collected from 120 rural women using a structured interview schedule. 30 women farmers were chosen from each selected village thus constituting a sample size of 120 by simple random method. The study showed that the five components have greater than one Eigenvalues which was named constraint on social perception toward women, constraint on backwardness related, constraint of knowledge, Constraint on Resource Ownership and constraint on attitude. Dairy farming in the study area holds a very good future because certain dairy farming related operations and taking decisions farm women have better than male farmers. But due to many constraints and obstacles in the participation of rural women in the decision making process of dairy farming, which undermined the efficiency of rural women.

Quantifying insightful problem solving: A modified compound remote associates paradigm using lexical priming to parametrically modulate different sources of task difficulty

Insight problem solving has been conceptualized as a dynamic search through a constrained search space where a non-obvious solution needs to be found. Multiple sources of task difficulty have been defined that can keep the problem solver from finding the right solution such as an overly large search space or knowledge constraints requiring a change of the problem representation. Up to now, there are very few accounts that focus on different aspects of difficulty within an insight problem-solving context and how they affect task performance as well as the probability of finding a solution that is accompanied by an Aha! experience. In addition, we are not aware of any approaches investigating how knowledge constraints parametrically modulate task performance and the Aha! experience in compound remote associates (CRA) when controlling for other sources of task difficulty. Therefore, we first developed, tested and externally validated a modified CRA paradigm in combination with lexical priming that is more likely to elicit representational change than the classical CRA tasks. Second, we parametrically estimated the effect of the knowledge constraint together with other sources of difficulty (size of the problem and search space, word length and frequency) using General Linear Mixed Models. The knowledge constraint (and the size of the search space) was operationalized as lexical distance (measured as cosine distances) between different word pairs within this task. Our results indicate that the experimentally induced knowledge constraint still affects task performance and is negatively related to the Aha! experience when controlling for various other types of task difficulties. Finally, we will present the complete stimulus set in German language together with their statistical (i.e. item difficulty and mean solution time) and lexical properties.

New Information Communication Technologies and Social Protest in China

People who rely on new information technologies to orchestrate protests face a common-knowledge constraint: the information on a proposed protest they release to potential participants can also be known by the government. This article examines the conditions under which protests mobilized through new information technologies become possible in China.

Research on Knowledge Fusion Based Parametric Design Technology of the Sliding Screw Mechanism

The simultaneous application of Logical reasoning and model design in parametric design technology based on Knowledge fusion in the interactive process of CAD system, makes design process are creative; its key technology includes the building of knowledge model base, the reasonable representation of knowledge items and knowledge constraints, correct establishment of the relation among knowledge item and knowledge constraint reference variable; the paper studies the key technology in parametric design based on Knowledge fusion, expresses the application in sliding screw mechanism of the software based on the key technology, and finally gives an example of parametric design technology of sliding screw mechanism based on Knowledge fusion.

Energy-Based Optimum Pattern Development for Garment Industry

Distortions are inevitable when flattening is applied to an irregular surface. This study presents a meshing energy model and evaluates the energy variation between the 3D designed surface and the 2D flattened pattern in order to minimize the energy that arises from the development process. Base on expert knowledge, constraint optimization methods are used to find the unique pattern in its minimum deformation. This method is applied via simulation to some garment examples. Taking design and manufacturing conditions into consideration, the designed garments are flattened into patterns which have the least energy and area variation from the 3D designs.