scholarly journals Perceived Constraints on Participation of Rural Women in Decision-Making Process: Insights from Dairy Farming in Surguja District of Chhattisgarh

Author(s):  
Ankur Gupta ◽  
Anindita Saha ◽  
Ravi Kumar Gupta ◽  
Digvijay Singh Dhakre

The women folk are considered the backbone of the nation and better half of the men in almost all spheres of community development. Rural women constitute about 50% of the total rural population. The present study was conducted in Surguja district of Chhattisgarh to know the extent of participation of rural women in the decision-making process of dairy farming. Data were collected from 120 rural women using a structured interview schedule. 30 women farmers were chosen from each selected village thus constituting a sample size of 120 by simple random method. The study showed that the five components have greater than one Eigenvalues which was named constraint on social perception toward women, constraint on backwardness related, constraint of knowledge, Constraint on Resource Ownership and constraint on attitude. Dairy farming in the study area holds a very good future because certain dairy farming related operations and taking decisions farm women have better than male farmers. But due to many constraints and obstacles in the participation of rural women in the decision making process of dairy farming, which undermined the efficiency of rural women.

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 497
Author(s):  
Jan Macháč ◽  
Lenka Zaňková

The process of decarbonization and increasing the share of renewable sources of energy (RES) arising not only from European Union targets leads to development, expansion, and construction of new RES. Municipalities thus face a decision whether to support/accept RES projects or not. Although energy managers are part of the municipality management in almost all bigger cities, mayors of smaller municipalities have to go through the decision-making process on their own. The aim of the paper is to present a newly developed approach for mayors and state representatives that helps them implement the process in a user-friendly way. The paper brings a description of an approach to RES impact assessment at a municipal level based on multicriteria analysis. The RES impacts are divided into four categories: economic, social, environmental, and innovation effects. The procedure is demonstrated on an example of assessment of four sources in Czechia.


Author(s):  
Luis Miguel Dos Santos

Financial consideration, internal and external influence, personal goal, and educational achievement always influence the decision-making process and behavior of individuals. Using nursing students as the population, the researcher employed the Social Cognitive Career Theory as the theoretical framework to examine the nursing human resources shortages and how would the COVID-19 pandemic influence the experiences, sense of belonging, and career decision-making process of 58 nursing students in South Korea. The researcher categorized the sharing into two groups, which were before the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results indicated that financial consideration was the significant reason why South Korean nursing students decided to study nursing regardless of the COVID-19 pandemic. More importantly, almost all participants decided to leave the nursing profession due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the consideration between financial factor and personal sacrifice. The outcomes of this study provided a blueprint for human resources professionals, government leaders, policymakers, school leaders, and hospital managers to reform their current curriculum and human resources planning to overcome the potential human resources gaps in the soon future due to the COVID-19 pandemic.


Author(s):  
Sweta Sahoo ◽  
Deepak Kumar Bose ◽  
Jahanara Jahanara

The present study was conducted in Bhadrak District of Odisha to find out the role of rural women in dairy activities. A total of 120 respondents were selected randomly for the present study. The data were collected through a pre-structured interview schedule and later appropriate statistical analysis was done to find out the meaningful result. The results showed that the farm women were engaged in almost all dairy activities. However, they were actively participating in milking, feeding of grains, making dairy products etc. but they were having less participation in activities like ,protecting cattle against parasites, insemination of cattle, veterinary care etc. The association between some selected independent variables with participation of women in dairy activities was also found. Education, mass media exposure and extension contact were found to be significantly related to participation of rural women in dairy activities.


2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Guerra Seth ◽  
Thomas Goka ◽  
Andrea Harbison ◽  
Lisa Hollier ◽  
Susan Peterson ◽  
...  

1988 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph V. Rodricks

FDA's efforts during the early 1970s to establish acceptable food exposure levels for carcinogenic animal drugs such as diethylstilbestrol (DES) led the agency to incorporate quantitative risk assessment into its decision-making process. During the nearly two decades since FDA first introduced risk assessment as a regulatory tool, its uses have been expanded to almost all areas of chemical regulation. The major driving forces behind this expansion have been (1) the need to deal systematically with the large number of commercially important chemicals that have been identified as animal carcinogens and that have been found to occur widely in the environment and (2) the large number of laws that now require regulatory agencies to establish limits on human exposure to these substances.


Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 341-348
Author(s):  
Aquiles Alejandro Almonacid-Fierro ◽  
Miguel Martinez Romero ◽  
Manuel Alberto Almonacid Fierro

El estudio tiene como objetivo, identificar los elementos que influyen en el proceso de toma de decisión en deportistas de alto rendimiento, durante el momento de la competición, desde la mirada subjetiva de los propios atletas. Existirían principalmente dos teorías que explicarían la toma de decisión, por un lado, el modelo de procesamiento de la información y, por otro lado, la dimensión ecológica. No obstante, en ambas estarían involucrados una diversidad de elementos que generan como producto final una determinada decisión, generando una conducta intencional y, por ende, una consecuencia que puede ser negativa o positiva. El estudio consideró a doce deportistas de Natación, Ciclismo y Canotaje. La investigación tuvo un enfoque cualitativo utilizando una metodología de recolección de datos mediante el método inductivo realizado a través de una entrevista semi-estructurada. Los datos se analizaron mediante la codificación abierta circunscrita a la teoría fundamentada en los datos, que permite el análisis de contenido mediante fases de organización y sistematización. Como conclusión del estudio, se puede señalar que la toma de decisión en el deporte es un proceso, en donde se conjugan aspectos tales como autoconfianza, motivación, expectativas de autoeficacia, concentración y emociones, con sus respectivas subcategorías. La elección tomada por el deportista sería el punto final de todo el proceso de toma de decisión, donde debe analizar la información interna como las variables del ambiente, el momento de cada competencia, las características de cada deporte y los aspectos cognitivos-emocionales que emergen en tan decisiva instancia deportiva.Abstract. The main objective of the study is to identify the elements that influence the decision-making process in high-performance athletes during de time of competitions, from de subjective view of the athletes themselves. There would be mainly two theories that would explain the decision making process, on de one hand, the information processing model and the other hand the ecological dimension. However, in both of them a diversity of elements would be involved that generate as a final product a certain decision, generating an intentional behavior and, therefore, a consequence that can be negative or positive. The study considered twelve athletes from Swimming, Cycling and Canoeing. The research had a qualitative approach using a data collection methodology by means of the inductive method carried out through a semi-structured interview. The data was analyzed through open coding limited to the Theory based on the Data, which allows content analysis through organizational and systematization phases. As conclusion of the study, it can be noted that decision-making in sport is a process, where aspects such as self-confidence, motivation, expectations of self-efficacy, concentration and emotions are combined with their respective subcategories. The choice made by the athlete would be the end point of the entire decision-making process, where he must analyze the internal information such as the environmental variables, the moment of each competition, the characteristics of each sport and the cognitive-emotional aspects that emerge in such a decisive sports instance.


Author(s):  
Yuin Jeong ◽  
Sangheon Oh ◽  
Younah Kang ◽  
Sung-Hee Kim

The decoy effect is a well-known, intriguing decision-making bias that is often exploited by marketing practitioners to steer consumers towards a desired purchase outcome. It demonstrates that an inclusion of an alternative in the choice set can alter one’s preference among the other choices. Although this decoy effect has been universally observed in the real world and also studied by many economists and psychologists, little is known about how to mitigate the decoy effect and help consumers make informed decisions. In this study, we conducted two experiments: a quantitative experiment with crowdsourcing and a qualitative interview study—first, the crowdsourcing experiment to see if visual interfaces can help alleviate this cognitive bias. Four types of visualizations, one-sided bar chart, two-sided bar charts, scatterplots, and parallel-coordinate plots, were evaluated with four different types of scenarios. The results demonstrated that the two types of bar charts were effective in decreasing the decoy effect. Second, we conducted a semi-structured interview to gain a deeper understanding of the decision-making strategies while making a choice. We believe that the results have an implication on showing how visualizations can have an impact on the decision-making process in our everyday life.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mbuku Josephine Gibemba

In the Democratic Republic of the Congo as in several African countries, the news are made by several national media institutions. From the collection stage to the diffusion of news, several stages of decision-making are requested. The objective of this study is to analyse the decision-making process in the news production, its stages, the departments involved and the factors influencing the decision-making stages of news between collection, processing, selection, dissemination and evaluation of news. To achieve the objective and to verify the assumptions, the study adopted the mixed methodology combining the collection of qualitative and quantitative data in the continuous or simultaneous approach to presentation of results. A literature search allowed for the design of the theoretical model and a semi-structured interview survey was conducted to collect relevant data in a non-probabilistic, occasional or intentional sample consisting of 26 journalists of the Congolese national radio-television. The activities of collection, processing, selection, diffusion as well as evaluation and monitoring of news are the stages of the news production. These steps can be grouped into three: design and elaboration of news, publications of news and feedback. And several actors are involved. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0894/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>


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