Thermodynamic Properties Investigation of Process Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and Its Transport Impact Factor in Oil Sands Management

This paper presents a new approach for the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) characteristics and their migration influencing factors in oil sands management processes and reveals the relationship between different asphaltene content and different solvents. Specifically, thermodynamic (i.e., partitioning coefficients, Kr, specific retention volume, Vg, the activity coefficients, γ and enthalpy of solution, ΔH0) and their impact factors are discussed. Gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) experimental measurements were used as the test data. A range of solvents (nC5, iC5, nC6, nC7, and Toluene) has been tested in different asphalt contents (0, 2.56, 9.93, 36.86, 53.67 wt%). There are temperatures in the range of 333.2–393.2 K (with 10 K increase) were conducted, respectively. The dynamics properties of asphalt mixture are calculated, and the relation between dynamics properties of asphalt mixture and absolute temperature, asphalt content and solvent type is discussed. The results show that within the acceptable error range, partitioning coefficients, Kr, specific retention volume, Vg, and enthalpy of solution, ΔH0 and other thermodynamic properties have a good tendency to predict, they decrease with the increase in asphaltene content and temperature and increase with the increase in solute carbon number.

Complete power cycle exhaust heat regeneration and second law logic

It is demonstrated, given a sufficiently large positive excess enthalpy of solution reaction between a molecular solid solute and a low boiling point solvent, that the differential in excess enthalpies of solution between the reaction in the solvent's dense liquid and expanded supercritical states will enable the solution, when used as the working fluid in a closed condensing power cycle, to attain complete exhaust heat regeneration. Xenon is used as the solvent to demonstrate the potential. Errors in 18th century logic that helped establish the second law are explained.

A xenon power cycle and the second law of thermodynamics

Xenon plus a molecular solid solute that yields a positive excess enthalpy of solution reaction form the working fluid for a transcritical power cycle. Xenon exhibits large changes in induced polarities with the change in density in the temperature and pressure range of the cycle described. A difference in excess enthalpy of solution between the reaction in xenon’s dense liquid state and expanded supercritical fluid state affects the cycle’s efficiency by internally elevating the temperature of heat input from near the cycle’s T2 to near its T1 before that energy affects gas expansion. This positive excess enthalpy differential establishes conditions in the cycle that allows for complete exhaust heat regeneration. The energy transfer invalidates Carnot’s and Clausius’s original assumption that the rate an ideal gas can convert heat energy to work by its expansion and contraction establishes heat as the lowest form of energy to which all other forms degrade.

Thermodynamic properties of dilute Co-Fe solid solutions studied by 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy

The Co1-xFex alloys where x ranges from 0.01 to 0.06 were measured at room temperature using transmission Mössbauer spectroscopy (TMS). The analysis of the obtained data allowed the determination of the short-range order (SRO), the binding energy Eb between two iron atoms in the studied materials using the extended Hrynkiewicz-Królas idea and the enthalpy of solution HCo-Fe of Fe in Co. The results showed that the Fe atoms dissolved in a Co matrix interact repulsively and the estimated value of HCo-Fe = -0.166(33) eV/atom. Finally, values of the enthalpy of solution were used to predict the enthalpy of mixing for the Co-Fe system. These findings were compared with corresponding data given in the literature, which were derived from calorimetric experiments and from the cellular atomic model of alloys described by Miedema.