Errors, faults and failures

Aim. To harmonize the definitions of errors, faults, failures in the Russian and English languages. The Object of the paper is one of the most important subject matters of the dependability theory and functional safety. The Subject of the paper is the concepts and definitions of failures, errors, faults.Results of the research: analysis of the definitions of the concepts describing the dependability and functional safety of items in the Russian and international standards, such as GOST 27.002-2015, GOST R/IEC 61508-2012, IEC 60050, DIN 40041, as well as in publications by a number of authors. The analysis shows that failure is always associated with the loss of function, i.e., the ability to perform as required by all standards. It should be noted that wrong user expectation does qualify as failure. A failure should be distinguished from unintended functions. A fault is defined as a system’s inability to perform the required operation to the full extent that, under certain conditions, may escalate into a failure. An error as a discrepancy between a calculated, observed or measured value or condition and a true, specified or theoretically correct value or condition is a deviation that is present and, under certain conditions, would probably turn into a failure. A typical example is non-critical software errors. The so-called systematic failures are actually errors that can turn into critical errors (failures). Let us note that the definitions in the IEC 60050 international electrotechnical vocabulary can be used, as they show general agreement, which is not surprising for an international standard.

TINJAUAN PENYEBAB UNCLAIMED BERKAS PASIEN BPJS RAWAT JALAN DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM IMELDA PEKERJA INDONESIA

ABSTRAK Klaim adalah tuntutan pengakuan atas suatu fakta bahwa seseorang berhak (memiliki atau mempunyai) atas sesuatu. Rekam medis yang diajukan kepada pihak BPJS yang diragukan kesimpulan medisnya, karena ketidakcocokan atau ketidaklengkapan data-datanya maka akan di kembalikan yang sering disebut unclaimed. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui penyebab unclaimed berkas BPJS pasien rawat jalan berdasarkan identifikasi input dan proses. Jenis penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan fenomenologi.Waktu penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret sampai Mei 2019 dan penelitian dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Umum Imelda Pekerja Indonesia.Populasi dan sampel dalam penelitian adalah petugas BPJS yang berjumlah 6 (enam) orang. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan pedoman wawancara.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penyebab unclaimed berkas BPJS pasien rawat jalan berdasarkan input adalah SDM dan sarana yang kurang, jaringan dan software yang sering error. Sedangkan berdasarkan proses adalah perencanan yang masih belum menggunakan SOP. Disarankan kepada pihak rumah sakit menambah jumlah SDM dan Sarana dalam pengerjaan berkas klaim, memperbaiki jaringan dan software yang error, membuat SOP pengajuan klaim. Kata Kunci : BPJS, Unclaimed, Berkas Rekam Medis ABSTRACT A claim is a claim of acknowledgment of the fact that someone has the right (has or has) of something. Medical records submitted to the BPJS whose medical conclusions are doubtful, because of incompatibility or incomplete data will be returned which is often called unclaimed. The purpose of this study was to determine the cause of unclaimed BPJS outpatients based on identification of inputs and processes. This type of research uses a qualitative method with phenomenology. When the study was conducted in March to May 2019 and the study was conducted at the Indonesian Labor Imelda General Hospital. Population and samples in the study were BPJS officers, amounting to 6 (six) people. Data were collected using interview guidelines. The results of the study showed that the unclaimed causes of outpatient BPJS files based on input were human resources and lack of facilities, networks and software that often caused errors. Whereas based on the process is planning that still does not use SOP. It is recommended to the hospital to increase the number of human resources and facilities in working on claim files, repairing network and software errors, making SOPs filing claims.

ASSESSING SOFTWARE RELIABILITY USING GENETIC ALGORITHMS

The role of software reliability and quality improvement is becoming more important than any other issues related to software development. To date, we have various techniques that give a prediction of software reliability like neural networks, fuzzy logic, and other evolutionary algorithms. A genetic algorithm has been explored for predicting software reliability. One of the important aspects of software quality is called software reliability, thus, software engineering is of a great place in the software industry. To increase the software reliability, it is mandatory that we must design a model that predicts the fault and error in the software program at early stages, rectify them and then increase the functionality of the program within a minimum time and in a low cost. There exist numerous algorithms that predict software errors such as the Genetic Algorithm, which has a very high ability to predict software bugs, failure and errors rather than any other algorithm. The main purpose of this paper is to predict software errors with so precise, less time-consuming and cost-effective methodology. The outcome of this research paper is showing that the rates of applied methods and strategies are more than 96 percent in ideal conditions.

Research: User Interface Software Errors in Medical Devices: Study of U.S. Recall Data

The current work assessed U.S. medical device recalls during 2012–15, with the goal of under-standing the impact and nature of user interface (UI) software errors in medical devices. Based on information from the Food and Drug Administration's public and internal recall databases, 423 (~140/year) medical device recalls were identified as resulting from UI software errors, which accounted for nearly one-half of recalls caused by software errors during the same period. A total of 499 UI software errors were identified as the root causes of medical device recalls, and a detailed classification of those errors (into 20 categories) was established. This error classification can be used by device manufacturers, end users (e.g., healthcare providers), and regulatory authorities to raise awareness of the type and impact of UI software errors. The classification also provides stakeholders with an evidence-based challenge to assess and improve the quality of UI software in medical devices.

Equivalent Experiments Based Prediction Methods for Embedded Software Error due to Electrostatic Discharge

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) related embedded software error is a critical issue for electronic products and is hard to discover in the early stage of product development. This paper categorizes different embedded software errors at first, and then presents several detection methods to find precursors of these software errors. By discussing the methodology, the applicability of each method is given, in terms of application scenarios and limitations.

Scanning the Horizon: Towards transparent and reproducible neuroimaging research

Functional neuroimaging techniques have transformed our ability to probe the neurobiological basis of behaviour and are increasingly being applied by the wider neuroscience community. However, concerns have recently been raised that the conclusions drawn from some human neuroimaging studies are either spurious or not generalizable. Problems such as low statistical power, flexibility in data analysis, software errors, and lack of direct replication apply to many fields, but perhaps particularly to fMRI. Here we discuss these problems, outline current and suggested best practices, and describe how we think the field should evolve to produce the most meaningful answers to neuroscientific questions.