Laparoscopic metroplasty for bicornuate uterus – A case report

Bicornuate uterus is a type of mullerian duct anomaly which is responsible for recurrent spontaneous first trimester abortions. They are best managed surgically using Strassman’s metroplasty. We present a case of recurrent spontaneous abortions which was diagnosed as bicornuate uterus. We performed a laparoscopic metroplasty which was successful and did not encounter complications like adhesions or hemorrhage. The advantages of laparoscopic metroplasty outweighs the challenges in restoring fertility status to women with mullerian duct anomalies.

Chromosomal abnormalities in recurrent spontaneous abortions: A retrospective study

Purpose: Evaluation of recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA) can be challenging for a Obstetrician. In case of early first trimester abortions, chromosomal abnormalities can be identified as an important cause. We analysed the RSA cases followed up and diagnosed in the Genetic Clinic or Genetic Lab of 2 hospitals in the region. Methods: Those couples with 3 or more spontaneous abortions were included in the analysis. Karyotyping was one using standard protocol with G-banding and reporting as per ISCN guidelines. Results: Of 97 RSA couples, 20 showed chromosomal abnormalities, and 15 of these had balanced chromosomal rearrangements. The age ranged from 22 years to 37 years, and the median number of abortions was 4. Complex chromosomal rearrangement was seen in 2 couples, in one partner. The spectrum of chromosomal anomalies in couples with RSA is discussed here. Conclusions: Frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in RSA was higher in present study compared to previous studies. Reciprocal translocations were commonest abnormality.

Analysis of chromosome segregation in reciprocal translocation carriers

Аутосомные реципрокные транслокации (АРТ) приводят к повышенному риску образования несбалансированных гамет вследствие патологической сегрегации хромосом в мейозе у носителей. В настоящей статье приведены результаты анализа типов сегрегации для 26 АРТ, а также определены теоретически возможные варианты сегрегации хромосом. В 73% случаев у носителей АРТ в более, чем 50% бластомеров наблюдалось совпадение теоретического и детектируемого типов сегрегации. Полученные данные можно использовать для оптимизации персонализированного медико-генетического консультирования семей, где один из супругов является носителем АРТ, и имеющих репродуктивные проблемы, высокий риск неразвивающейся беременности и/или рождения ребенка с хромосомной патологией. Autosomal reciprocal translocations (ART) lead to an increased risk of imbalanced gametes formation due to pathological meiotic segregation. Segregation type was analyzed and theoretical segregation pattern was determined in 26 cleavage stage embryos in this article. A coincidence of theoretical and detectable segregation types was observed in more than 50 % of blastomeres in 73 % of cases. The data obtained may be used for personalized genetic counseling in families with high risks of recurrent spontaneous abortions, infertility or children with birth defects due to ART.

Noncoding RNAs in Unexplained Recurrent Spontaneous Abortions and Their Diagnostic Potential

Unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) is defined as the loss of two or more consecutive pregnancies before the 20th week of gestation with normal findings on routine screening tests. Our understanding of the cellular and molecular pathogenesis of URSA is still far from complete. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a pivotal role in transcription and expression. The functions of ncRNAs may also improve understanding of URSA pathogenesis. Because of their stability in the circulatory system and at the maternal-fetal interface, it may be possible to use ncRNAs as biomarkers for certain disease states. Here, we provide a narrative review of the current state of knowledge about ncRNAs associated with URSA. The possibility of developing a diagnostic tool using ncRNAs is discussed. The underlying mechanisms of how ncRNAs may lead to the onset of URSA are explored in this review.