Microwave-assisted in situ ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone in the presence of modified halloysite nanotubes loaded with stannous chloride

For the composite catalyst, there existed synergetic catalytic effect between the hydroxyl groups and the metal center. All chain growth simultaneously proceeded between the layers or on the surface of HNTs, conducting the in situ ROP.

Annona muricata L. Suppresses Stannous Chloride Effects through Changing Hematological Parameters in Male New Zealand White Rabbits

Background: Annona muricata. L has a wide range of therapeutic characteristics and is frequently used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of ailments. Stannous chloride (SnCl2) are widely used in daily life and distributed in many tissues and nutrients. Although over-ingestion of SnCl2, can cause health problems, relatively little attention has been given to the toxic effects of this compound in livestock health and hematological parameters. This study was designed to study protective roles of A. muricata L. against SnCl2 effects through alleviating hematological disturbances in adult male New-Zealand white rabbits. Materials and Methods: Four rabbits per group were assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups: 0 mg A. muricata and 0 mg SnCl2/kg BW (control); 100 mg of A. muricata /kg BW; 20 mg SnCl2/kg BW; 20 mg SnCl2 plus 100 mg of A. muricata /kg BW. Rabbits were orally administered the respective doses every other day for 10 weeks. Results: The obtained results showed that A. muricata alone caused increase in body weight, relative weight of liver, lung, heart and kidney. It also caused increase hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) level and number of platelets (PLT) compared to control. However, treatment with A. muricata was caused significant decrease in white blood cell counts (WBCs) and non-significant decrease in red blood cell counts (RBCs), mean cell volume (MCV). Meanwhile, treatment with SnCl2 was lead to adverse effect on the body weight and relative organs weight practically spleen. It was caused significant increase in WBCs, MCV compared to control. The rest of hematological parameters (RBCs, PCV, PLT, Hb and MCHC) were significantly decreased, which indicated to cause anemia. Previous parameters were returned to normal values in group that treatment with A. muricata plus SnCl2. In term of bone marrow smear, all smears are similar in terms of numbers and types of cells. Conclusion: Results of the present study convincingly demonstrated that SnCl2 exposure resulted in varying degree of hematological parameters of rabbits. A. muricata has been promise as nutritional supplements to help prevent disorders involving SnCl2 induced these effects. Thus A. muricata may be helpful to combat SnCl2 associated sufferings in human as well as animal.

Surface Properties and Biological Activity of the Synthesized Polymeric Surfactant and its Complexes

Poly (4-vinyl pyridine) (P4-VP) was quaternized and complexed with salt chloride to obtain polymeric surfactant complexes having to improve surface properties and microbial activity. P4-VP was quarternized by trimethyl chloro silane to give (QP4-VP) (I) and then complexed by using stannous chloride and cobalt chloride to give polymeric surfactant complexes. The quaternized P4-VP and its complexes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Also, the surface properties of this polymeric surfactant and its complexes were studied. The influence of metal chlorides on the antibacterial activity of this polymeric surfactant was estimated and screened through the length of the field of hindrance versus various microorganisms. It shows an enhancement in the surface characteristics and fine germicidal action for quaternized P4-VP when complexed with metal chlorides. The designed cationic polymeric surfactant and its complexes have a good biological action against all such microorganisms.