Physicochemical, primary production and trophic state variation of an urban artificial water body located in the central zone of the tropical latitude of Mexico

Artificial water bodies at tropical latitudes have regular or extreme water contributions dependent of climate and interannual variations that result in differences in the physicochemical characteristics of the water; in addition to the climate. They receive peripheral runoff two, according to geomorphology; in the case of Mexican artificial water bodies as Cantera Oriente, they will also depend on the orography that entails changes in the volumes of water. All of this influence in conservative and non-conservative physiochemical components through dilute the water in the rainy season and concentrate it in the dry season. Therefore, this paper estimates the variations of: temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH, with nutrients (total phosphorus and nitrogen, chlorophyll “a” and primary production). In the Cantera Oriente all this parameters resulting in an oxic and anoxic condition, as well as a widely variable hypertrophy, depending on the month of year, in addition, anthropogenic sewage runoff must be added.

Does Educational Disaster Mitigation Need To Be Introduced In School?

Indonesia is an archipelagic country in subduction of three global plates namely Eurasia, Pacific and Indo-Australia. Make it has many active volcanoes and mountain morphology that are prone to earthquakes, tsunamis and landslides. In astronomical location Indonesia is a country in tropical latitude with high rainfall and irradiation. Makes it vulnerable to atmospheric and hydrosphere disasters such as drought, tropical storms and floods. Also has multicultural population that makes it vulnerable to social conflict. Various factors indicate that Indonesia is a country prone to various disasters. Need disaster mitigation socialization efforts early on. This study describe the need to introduce disaster mitigation education as one of the efforts of disaster risk reduction in schools to students. This study uses literature study method by collecting various written references from books and publications of research results. Use descriftive analysis tecnique for process data. The results show that disaster mitigation education needs to be introduced at the level of schooling in Indonesia. As one of the efforts to prepare the people of Indonesia disaster preparedness. Disaster mitigation education should be included in the curriculum of education, especially on subjects that have a correlation therein.

ALMA's view of maser emission

ALMA, the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, provides a large collecting area at a location on a high dry site, endowing it with unparalleled potential for sensitive spectral line observations. Its wide frequency coverage, superb receivers and flexible backend will ensure that that potential is met. Although in the Southern Hemisphere, its tropical latitude ensures good coverage of the northern sky. Since the last meeting on astrophysical masers, the ALMA team has substantially enhanced its capability for line observations. Japan's entry into ALMA has provided increased sensitivity with the addition of the 16 antennas of the Atacama Compact Array, equivalent to eight additional 12m telescopes. The first four cartridges for the baseline ALMA receiver packages (to be augmented by three other bands owing to Japanese participation) have been accepted, with performance above the already-challenging specifications. At first light, ALMA will offer nearly complete frequency coverage of the millimeter and submillimeter spectral windows, ensuring coverage of a variety of masering transitions. ALMA's flexibility as a spectrometer has increased with the enhancement of the baseline correlator with tunable filter banks, and with the addition of a separate correlator for the ACA. As an example of the increased flexibility, ALMA is now capable of multi-spectral-region and multi-resolution modes. With the former, one might observe e.g. four separate transitions anywhere within one of four 2 GHz bands with a high resolution bandwidth. With the latter, one might simultaneously observe with low spectral resolution over a wide bandwidth and with high spectral resolution over a narrow bandwidth. Thus, one could simultaneously cover an extremely broad velocity range while providing high spectral resolution of groups of lines within that range. Several science examples will be presented illustrating ALMA's potential for transforming the millimeter and submillimeter study of masers.