Att-BiL-SL: Attention-Based Bi-LSTM and Sequential LSTM for Describing Video in the Textual Formation

With the advancement of the technological field, day by day, people from around the world are having easier access to internet abled devices, and as a result, video data is growing rapidly. The increase of portable devices such as various action cameras, mobile cameras, motion cameras, etc., can also be considered for the faster growth of video data. Data from these multiple sources need more maintenance to process for various usages according to the needs. By considering these enormous amounts of video data, it cannot be navigated fully by the end-users. Throughout recent times, many research works have been done to generate descriptions from the images or visual scene recordings to address the mentioned issue. This description generation, also known as video captioning, is more complex than single image captioning. Various advanced neural networks have been used in various studies to perform video captioning. In this paper, we propose an attention-based Bi-LSTM and sequential LSTM (Att-BiL-SL) encoder-decoder model for describing the video in textual format. The model consists of two-layer attention-based bi-LSTM and one-layer sequential LSTM for video captioning. The model also extracts the universal and native temporal features from the video frames for smooth sentence generation from optical frames. This paper includes the word embedding with a soft attention mechanism and a beam search optimization algorithm to generate qualitative results. It is found that the architecture proposed in this paper performs better than various existing state of the art models.

Образ города в прозаическом творчестве Нины Берберовой

Nina Berberova – a representative of the first wave of Russian emigration – is known primarily as the author of the famous autobiography Kursiv moy. Berberova’s prose of the 1920s and 30s is the main topic of this article, in which the author refers to the tradition of Russian literature of the nineteenth and early twentieth century. The urban text created by Nina Berberova is considered in the paper as a hypertext; the author distinguishes the features of this textual formation and provides the exam-ples. This urban text is interpreted not as scattered fragments but as an integrated whole. The researcher tries to identify the interpreting code of a “Parisian text” of the first emigration wave closely associated with the myth which organizes this urban text.

SUPERTEXTS IN THE RUSSIAN DRAMA AT THE TURN OF THE XX–XXIST CENTURIES

The article is devoted to the study of supertexts phenomenon in contemporary Russian drama. Famous philologists’ points of view are compared, definitions of super-text are suggested, and its features are highlighted. The author of the article distinguishes macro components of the supertexts in fiction, among which there are motifs, images, plots, types and forms of intertextuality and biographical myth. The overtext in literature is understood as a supra-textual formation, a set of meanings that arise in the process of interaction between texts distanced from each other, as well as different receptions of the writer's personality and his/her literary heritage. The article analyzes problems of the supertexts typology in modern Russian drama and the selection criteria. Based on a set of features that determine the precedent personality and the «strong» text among them, the Shakespeare’s, Chekhov’s and Gogol’s supertexts are distinguished in Russian drama at the turn of the XXth–XXIst centuries. The perspective «personal» texts are also marked: Pushkin’s, Lermontov’s, Goncharov’s and Dostoevsky's ones. The remake is considered as a genre under the influence of the meanings of the «personal» text. The remake in drama is proposed to be considered as a work that is most representatively involved in the formation of «personal» supertexts. The writer's biography and his/her works cease to be a fact of literary history and leave the literary field, they turn into a myth and overgrow with meanings due to the authors’ reception, critics and literary critics of subsequent generations. «Personal» supertexts are expanded due to the parodic interpretation of classical prototexts, the destruction of the biographical myth and its reception.

FEMININE ASSIMILATIONS IN TEXT FORMATION OF "THE KUKOTSKY ENIGMA" BY L. ULITSKAYA

The article features comparisons by similarity and functionally equivalent metaphors targeting the heroines of The Kukotsky Enigma by L. Ulitskaya. The author proposes to take into account the differences between logical and figurative comparisons, emphasizing its subjective character and surreal modality. Also, the author suggests that figurative and logical comparisons can be combined in a compound sentence with a comparative subordinate clause. The thematic variety of feminine images of assimilation in the novel correlates with the application of nature-related and anthroponymic comparisons. Zoomorphous type prevails in nature-related comparisons, some of them shaping the associative microfields of the main characters. An attempt is made to explain the writer's conceptual thematic purpose connected with these microfields. The textual connections between comparison and metaphor are considered to be genetically close linguistic phenomena, which are combined by the common concept of "comparative". This makes it possible 1) to maintain the perceptive integrity of thematic associative microfields with comparative dominants involved in the female images; 2) to trace the correlation of tropes with realia in textual formation. A gender approach to the description of assimilative images and the representation of a wide variety of their modes of expression in L. Ulitskaya's novel have allowed the author to reveal the idiostyle features of the female author. It includes frequent forms of assimilation accompanied by explanations and clarifications that reflect, directly or indirectly, the author's attitude (sympathy, irony, or sarcasm) towards her female characters, as well as her conceptual thematic purpose related to the main characters’ fates and that of the family of the famous gynecologist doctor Kukotsky. The article features speech differentiation in the feminine images of assimilation by the author and her characters. The analysis performed has revealed a tendency to female comparative characteristics in L. Ulitskaya’s style.

Judaeo-Aramaic (Talmud)

This chapter argues, perhaps paradoxically, that a literary text produced outside of the Roman empire should be understood as one of the literatures of the Roman empire. The Babylonia Talmud is a wild collection, one might say, of the law and lore of the Babylonian Jews from about the third until the sixth or seventh centuries, a congeries of law, lore, and laughter too. Material brought from the Roman world, Palestine, has been altered, expanded, reworked, and combined with ‘native’ materials, including heavily marked Iranian culture, in the formation of the text we have as the Babylonian Talmud. The Palestinian material in the Talmud should not be understood as sources for the Bavli but as part and parcel of a living diasporic cultural, textual formation. The Talmud is as much a product of the Roman empire as of the Sasanian one.