Employment of torque-hysteresis controller for DTC based induction motor drive

To acquire high enactment, Direct Torque Control (DTC) is a technique used in AC drive systems. In this paper, based on the hysteresis controller, a very simple improved DTC scheme is proposed for induction motor drive. Owing to its simple assembly & effective enactment, DTC is used for AC as well as DC drive as compared to other controlling schemes. the paper approaches mitigation of the ripples in torque by varying the predictable 3-level torque-hysteresis controller used in DTC. The expansion of distinctive switching approach has been generated for chosen voltage-vector. Based on ripple content simulation results carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK for torque-hysteresis controller to minimize the ripples.

Time and space multi-manned assembly line balancing problem using genetic algorithm

Purpose: Time and Space assembly line balancing problem (TSALBP) is the problem of balancing the line taking the area required by the task and to store the tools into consideration. This area is important to be considered to minimize unplanned traveling distance by the workers and consequently unplanned time waste. Although TSALBP is a realistic problem that express the real-life situation, and it became more practical to consider multi-manned assembly line to get better space utilization, few literatures addressed the problem of time and space in simple assembly line and only one in multi-manned assembly line. In this paper the problem of balancing bi-objective time and space multi-manned assembly line is proposedDesign/methodology/approach: Hybrid genetic algorithm under time and space constraints besides assembly line conventional constraints is used to model this problem. The initial population is generated based on conventional assembly line heuristic added to random generations. The objective of this model is to minimize number of workers and number of stations.Findings: The results showed the effectiveness of the proposed model in solving multi-manned time and space assembly line problem. The proposed method gets better results in solving real-life Nissan problem compared to the literature. It is also found that there is a relationship between the variability of task time, maximum task time and cycle time on the solution of the problem. In some problem features it is more appropriate to solve the problem as simple assembly line than multi-manned assembly line.Originality/value: It is the first article to solve the problem of balancing multi-manned assembly line under time and area constraint using genetic algorithm. A relationship between the problem features and the solution is found according to it, the solution method (one sided or multi-manned) is defined.

USING ARDUINO IN STUDYING THE SECTION "ALGORITHMIZATION AND PROGRAMMING" OF THE SCHOOL INFORMATICS COURSE AS A PREPARATION FOR LEARNING THE BASICS OF ENGINEERING

The article discusses the possibility of preparing schoolchildren for the study of the basics of engineering in the framework of training in the section "Algorithmization and programming" of the informatics course based on the Arduino platform. Such training can be organized by including in the material under study practical work on the creation of electronic controlled devices: a weather station, a "smart" night light, a traffic light, a music box, etc. A simple assembly system allows using the Arduino kit for 40-minute lessons: 10 to 20 minutes depending on the complexity of the project. Also, in the classroom, it is proposed to use Tinkercad, a free 3D modeling program that allows you to assemble an electronic device online, write a code, test it, make sure it works, and download a sketch code for further use. The article presents a methodology for carrying out work in the 10th grade to create a "music box" device in Arduino. The purpose of this work is to generalize and systematize the topic "One-dimensional arrays of integers". The practical part of the lesson involves working with light, sound, control, and rotation of the figure. Thus, the concept of "array", algorithmic structures "loop" and "branching" are repeated. This work can also be carried out as an extracurricular event, for example, within the framework of a subject week.

Community composition of microbial microcosms follows simple assembly rules at evolutionary timescales

Managing and engineering microbial communities relies on the ability to predict their composition. While progress has been made on predicting compositions on short, ecological timescales, there is still little work aimed at predicting compositions on evolutionary timescales. Therefore, it is still unknown for how long communities typically remain stable after reaching ecological equilibrium, and how repeatable and predictable are changes when they occur. Here, we address this knowledge gap by tracking the composition of 87 two- and three-species bacterial communities, with 3–18 replicates each, for ~400 generations. We find that community composition typically changed during evolution, but that the composition of replicate communities remained similar. Furthermore, these changes were predictable in a bottom-up approach—changes in the composition of trios were consistent with those that occurred in pairs during coevolution. Our results demonstrate that simple assembly rules can hold even on evolutionary timescales, suggesting it may be possible to forecast the evolution of microbial communities.

In Praise of the Disassembler

When you're starting out you want to be able to hold the entire program in your head if at all possible. Once you're conversant with your first, simple assembly language and the machine architecture you're working with, it will be completely possible to look at a page or two of your assembly and know not only what it is supposed to do but also what the machine will do for you step by step. When you look at a high-level language, you should be able to understand what you mean it to do, but often you have no idea just how your intent will be translated into action. Assembly and machine code is where the action is.

CRISPR/Cas9 Targeted Mutagenesis for Functional Genetics in Maize

The CRISPR/Cas9-based system for targeted mutagenesis has become an indispensable tool for functional genetics in plants. CRISPR/Cas9 allows users to generate loss-of-function alleles in genes of interest with precision and in a simple-to-use system. This manuscript outlines important points to consider for experimental design and utilization of CRISPR/Cas9 in targeted mutagenesis in maize. It also introduces the pRGEB32-BAR vector modified for use in maize that allows simultaneous delivery of multiple gRNAs using a simple assembly. Vector selection, gRNA design, genetic strategies, and genotyping approaches are discussed, with an emphasis on achieving isolation of homozygous mutant plants in a time- and cost-efficient manner.