Charging dynamics of electrical double layers inside a cylindrical pore: predicting the effects of arbitrary pore size

The effect of arbitrary pore size and Debye length on the charging dynamics of electrical double layers inside a cylindrical pore is computed, and its impact on capacitance, charging timescale, and transmission line circuit is highlighted.

An Optimal Cloud Based Electric Vehicle Charging System

With the evolution of the internet-of-things and the emergence of cloud computing, the charging dynamics of vehicles have changed. This work discusses cloud-based monitoring and management used in charging electric vehicles and their impact on the smart charging system. Charging management plays a key role in assessing the charging infrastructure because of the automakers and charging service providers. As the market evolves, this system looks at the present public and private sectors that provide charging stations and contrasts them with modern cloud-based charging in electric vehicles. The cloud module developed contains layers, with the top layer of the robust calculating ability, which is globally optimized using machine learning technology. The bottom layer counters the real-time issues with the controller. The system also analyzes the current demands in the market and forms strategies to maximize profits through smart charging systems.

Molecular Understanding of Energy Storage in Supercapacitors with Porous Graphyne Electrodes: From Semiconductor to Conductor

Two-dimensional (2D) porous materials with high specific surface area and ordered morphology exhibit great potential as supercapacitor electrodes. The fundamental understanding of the charge storage and charging dynamics of 2D porous materials can help the optimal design of supercapacitors. Herein, we investigated the energy storage, including the double layer and quantum capacitances, of supercapacitors with typical 2D porous graphynes in the ionic liquid electrolyte by combining molecular dynamics simulation and density functional theory. Simulations revealed that supercapacitors with porous graphyne electrodes could obtain excellent double-layer capacitances, but their total capacitances are limited by the low quantum capacitances. We further predicted boron-/nitrogen-doped graphynes and found that the new porous graphynes turn into good conductors after doping and could achieve a quite high quantum capacitance. The charging dynamics in nanoscale and capacitive performance in macroscale based on the predicted graphyne electrodes were evaluated by combining molecular simulation and transmission line model. Results demonstrate that both outstanding gravimetric and volumetric energy and power densities could be obtained in doped porous graphyne supercapacitors. These findings pave the way for understanding energy storage mechanisms and designing high-performance supercapacitors.

Ionophobic nanopore enhancing capacitance and charging dynamics in supercapacitor with ionic liquids

Nano-porous electrodes combined with ionic liquids (ILs) are widely favored to promote the energy density of supercapacitors. However, this is always accompanied by the reduced power density, especially considering the...

An organic quantum battery

Quantum batteries harness the unique properties of quantum mechanics to enhance energy storage compared to conventional batteries. In particular, they are predicted to undergo superextensive charging, where batteries with larger capacity actually take less time to charge. Up until now however, they have not been experimentally demonstrated, due to the challenges in quantum coherent control. Here we implement an array of two-level systems coupled to a photonic mode to realise a Dicke quantum battery. Our quantum battery is constructed with a microcavity formed by two dielectric mirrors enclosing a thin film of a fluorescent molecular dye in a polymer matrix. We use ultrafast optical spectroscopy to time resolve the charging dynamics of the quantum battery at femtosecond resolution. We experimentally demonstrate superextensive increases in both charging power and storage capacity, in agreement with our theoretical modelling. We find that decoherence plays an important role in stabilising energy storage, analogous to the role that dissipation plays in photosynthesis. This experimental proof-of-concept is a major milestone towards the practical application of quantum batteries in quantum and conventional devices. Our work opens new opportunities for harnessing collective effects in light-matter coupling for nanoscale energy capture, storage, and transport technologies, including the enhancement of solar cell efficiencies.

Ultra-stable charging of fast-scrambling SYK quantum batteries

Collective behavior strongly influences the charging dynamics of quantum batteries (QBs). Here, we study the impact of nonlocal correlations on the energy stored in a system of N QBs. A unitary charging protocol based on a Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) quench Hamiltonian is thus introduced and analyzed. SYK models describe strongly interacting systems with nonlocal correlations and fast thermalization properties. Here, we demonstrate that, once charged, the average energy stored in the QB is very stable, realizing an ultraprecise charging protocol. By studying fluctuations of the average energy stored, we show that temporal fluctuations are strongly suppressed by the presence of nonlocal correlations at all time scales. A comparison with other paradigmatic examples of many-body QBs shows that this is linked to the collective dynamics of the SYK model and its high level of entanglement. We argue that such feature relies on the fast scrambling property of the SYK Hamiltonian, and on its fast thermalization properties, promoting this as an ideal model for the ultimate temporal stability of a generic QB. Finally, we show that the temporal evolution of the ergotropy, a quantity that characterizes the amount of extractable work from a QB, can be a useful probe to infer the thermalization properties of a many-body quantum system.