Analisis Pengaruh Career Growth, Compensation, Dan Job Satisfaction Sebagai Variabel Intervening Terhadap Turnover Intention Karyawan Di Pt. Imora Motor (Honda Jakarta Center)

Turnover intention is essentially a desire to move employees from one workplace to another. This is a company's challenge in maintaining labor competition. Human resources are believed to be the main factor determining the success of an organization. This study aims to determine the effect of Career Growth on Turnover Intention Employees, Compensation effect on Turnover Intention, And influence Job Satisfaction as variable intervening to TurnOver Employees in PT. Imora Motor (Honda Jakarta Center). This research is expected to be able to help find out the main factors causing employee turnover intention and overcome the problem of Turnover Intention so that it helps companies reduce losses both in terms of costs and time. This research uses quantitative research methodology simple random sampling. The method used in sampling is purposive sampling. Purposive sampling is a sampling method by formulating certain criteria using primary data sources. The number of samples in this research were 164 respondents. The variables used in this study used Dependent Variables, Intervening Variables and Independent Variables, then to get conclusions in the research that carried out statistical tests with the aim of finding out which dependent variables would influence the independent variables in the study. This study used SPSS version 23 to carry out statistical tests, Results of testing that has been done, partial regression test (t) shows that each is dependent the variables studied (career growth, compensation, and job satisfaction) have a significant influence on independence variable (Turnover Intention).

Fitness implications of sex-specific catch-up growth in Nephila senegalensis, a spider with extreme reversed SSD

Background Animal growth is often constrained by unfavourable conditions and divergences from optimal body size can be detrimental to an individual’s fitness, particularly in species with determinate growth and a narrow time-frame for life-time reproduction. Growth restriction in early juvenile stages can later be compensated by means of plastic developmental responses, such as adaptive catch-up growth (the compensation of growth deficits through delayed development). Although sex differences regarding the mode and degree of growth compensation have been coherently predicted from sex-specific fitness payoffs, inconsistent results imply a need for further research. We used the African Nephila senegalensis, representing an extreme case of female-biased sexual size dimorphism (SSD), to study fitness implications of sex-specific growth compensation. We predicted effective catch-up growth in early food-restricted females to result in full compensation of growth deficits and a life-time fecundity (LTF) equivalent to unrestricted females. Based on a stronger trade-off between size-related benefits and costs of a delayed maturation, we expected less effective catch-up growth in males. Methods We tracked the development of over one thousand spiders in different feeding treatments, e.g., comprising a fixed period of early low feeding conditions followed by unrestricted feeding conditions, permanent unrestricted feeding conditions, or permanent low feeding conditions as a control. In a second experimental section, we assessed female fitness by measuring LTF in a subset of females. In addition, we tested whether compensatory development affected the reproductive lifespan in both sexes and analysed genotype-by-treatment interactions as a potential cause of variation in life-history traits. Results Both sexes delayed maturation to counteract early growth restriction, but only females achieved full compensation of adult body size. Female catch-up growth resulted in equivalent LTF compared to unrestricted females. We found significant interactions between experimental treatments and sex as well as between treatments and family lineage, suggesting that family-specific responses contribute to the unusually large variation of life-history traits in Nephila spiders. Our feeding treatments had no effect on the reproductive lifespan in either sex. Discussion Our findings are in line with predictions of life-history theory and corroborate strong fecundity selection to result in full female growth compensation. Males showed incomplete growth compensation despite a delayed development, indicating relaxed selection on large size and a stronger trade-off between late maturation and size-related benefits. We suggest that moderate catch-up growth in males is still adaptive as a ‘bet-hedging’ strategy to disperse unavoidable costs between life-history traits affected by early growth restriction (the duration of development and adult size).

Alternative Evolutionary Pathways for Drug-Resistant Small Colony Variant Mutants in Staphylococcus aureus

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus is known to generate small colony variants (SCVs) that are resistant to aminoglycoside antibiotics and can cause persistent and recurrent infections. The SCV phenotype is unstable, and compensatory mutations lead to restored growth, usually with loss of resistance. However, the evolution of improved growth, by mechanisms that avoid loss of antibiotic resistance, is very poorly understood. By selection with serial passaging, we isolated and characterized different classes of extragenic suppressor mutations that compensate for the slow growth of small colony variants. Compensation occurs by two distinct bypass mechanisms: (i) translational suppression of the initial SCV mutation by mutant tRNAs, ribosomal protein S5, or release factor 2 and (ii) mutations that cause the constitutive activation of the SrrAB global transcriptional regulation system. Although compensation by translational suppression increases growth rate, it also reduces antibiotic susceptibility, thus restoring a pseudo-wild-type phenotype. In contrast, an evolutionary pathway that compensates for the SCV phenotype by activation of SrrAB increases growth rate without loss of antibiotic resistance. RNA sequence analysis revealed that mutations activating the SrrAB pathway cause upregulation of genes involved in peptide transport and in the fermentation pathways of pyruvate to generate ATP and NAD+, thus explaining the increased growth. By increasing the growth rate of SCVs without the loss of aminoglycoside resistance, compensatory evolution via the SrrAB activation pathway represents a threat to effective antibiotic therapy of staphylococcal infections. IMPORTANCE Small colony variants (SCVs) of Staphylococcus aureus are a significant clinical problem, causing persistent and antibiotic-resistant infections. However, SCVs are unstable and can rapidly evolve growth-compensated mutants. Previous data suggested that growth compensation only occurred with the loss of antibiotic resistance. We have used selection with serial passaging to uncover four distinct pathways of growth compensation accessible to SCVs. Three of these paths (reversion, intragenic suppression, and translational suppression) increase growth at the expense of losing antibiotic resistance. The fourth path activates an alternative transcriptional program and allows the bacteria to produce the extra ATP required to support faster growth, without losing antibiotic resistance. The importance of this work is that it shows that drug-resistant SCVs can evolve faster growth without losing antibiotic resistance. Small colony variants (SCVs) of Staphylococcus aureus are a significant clinical problem, causing persistent and antibiotic-resistant infections. However, SCVs are unstable and can rapidly evolve growth-compensated mutants. Previous data suggested that growth compensation only occurred with the loss of antibiotic resistance. We have used selection with serial passaging to uncover four distinct pathways of growth compensation accessible to SCVs. Three of these paths (reversion, intragenic suppression, and translational suppression) increase growth at the expense of losing antibiotic resistance. The fourth path activates an alternative transcriptional program and allows the bacteria to produce the extra ATP required to support faster growth, without losing antibiotic resistance. The importance of this work is that it shows that drug-resistant SCVs can evolve faster growth without losing antibiotic resistance.

Multi-criteria approach to estimate the growth curve in the marine shrimp, Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931 (Decapoda, Penaeidae)

The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that size variation among individuals of one particular age affects the precise assessment of anticipated growth curve trajectories and their parameters for the marine shrimp, Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931. The data came from shrimp farmed in earthen ponds of an aquaculture farm located in the Gulf of California. Five asymptotic models were applied to averaged length-at-age data: specialized Von Bertalanffy, generalized Von Bertalanffy, Gompertz, Logistic and Johnson. These models were parametrized considering two criteria: (1) variability in length-at-age () decreases with age (growth compensation approach), (2) constant variance (“normal” and “fat tail”). The model parameters were computed with the maximum likelihood criterion. The corrected version of Akaike’s information criterion AICc, selected the Gompertz model and the growth compensation approach as those who fitted the data best. We conclude that the growth compensation approach allows the application of a very high performance objective function to analyse individual length-at-age variability without underestimation of the parameters, and also that the best model to describe the growth trajectory of P. vannamei in a farmed environment is a sigmoid curve with an inflection point at 34% of the life period analysed (the Gompertz model).