An Experimental-Theoretical Study on Static Batch Sublimation with Laminar Flow and Constant Wall Temperature

The major features of a static batch sublimation process over a hot plate with constant temperature were investigated in an experimental-theoretical study. An experimental apparatus with a real-time display was built to sublimate dry ice blocks of different sizes, in either circular or rectangular geometries. When temperature of the hotplate was changed from -30 to 200 oC, heat transfer coefficient “hsub” decreased from 126 to 70 W/m2K, while thermal flux increased, linearly. Weight and area of the block had a positive/negative effects on heat transfer, respectively. In theoretical part, two “linear- gradient” and “cubic” models were developed by a combined mass-momentum-energy balance. The latter used Von Karman temperature profile, and in cases of circular and rectangular geometries could estimate “hsub” with 17.8 and 13.5 % average error. Linear-gradient was analytic, with similar accuracy in the circular case. The developed model are especially useful for design of sublimation equipment in purificationofthechemicals

Relativistic Completion of Schrodinger’s Quantum Mechanics by the Ether Theory

One recalls that we have shown in our precedent publications that the ether is an elastic isotropic medium. One presents the exact equation and its non-relativistic approximation that govern the ether in presence of a Schwarzschild-Coulomb field to which is submitted a Par(m,e)  (particle of mass m  and of electric charge e ). We present the exact relativistic solution of this exact equation in the circular case. We prove that the Schrödinger equation is such a non-relativistic approximation, that is, is a particular case of the ether elasticity theory. One recalls that the Schrödinger equation was obtained by the use of operators and not from the theory of elasticity. It follows that this manner of obtaining this equation from operators is arbitrary and does not permit to obtain its complete relativistic form, but permits to reach absurd conclusions as, e.g., the cat that, at the same moment, is alive and dead. One shows then that other results ensuing from the Schrödinger equation are particular cases of the non-relativistic equation that governs the elastic ether, like for example: the Bohr-Sommerfeld condition, and the eigenstates function equation.

Degenerate-scale problem of the boundary integral equation method/boundary element method for the bending plate analysis

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to detect the degenerate scale of a 2D bending plate analytically and numerically. Design/methodology/approach To avoid the time-consuming scheme, the influence matrix of the boundary element method (BEM) is reformulated to an eigenproblem of the 4 by 4 matrix by using the scaling transform instead of the direct-searching scheme to find degenerate scales. Analytical degenerate scales are derived from the boundary integral equation (BIE) by using the degenerate kernel only for the circular case. Numerical results of the direct-searching scheme and the eigen system for the arbitrary shape are also considered. Findings Results using three methods, namely, analytical derivation, the direct-searching scheme and the 4 by 4 eigen system, are also given for the circular case and arbitrary shapes. Finally, addition of a constant for the kernel function makes original eigenvalues (2 real roots and 2 complex roots) of the 4 by 4 matrix to be all real. This indicates that a degenerate scale depends on the kernel function. Originality/value The analytical derivation for the degenerate scale of a 2D bending plate in the BIE is first studied by using the degenerate kernel. Through the reformed eigenproblem of a 4 by 4 matrix, the numerical solution for the plate of an arbitrary shape can be used in the plate analysis using the BEM.

SIMULAÇÃO NUMÉRICA DE DOIS SISTEMAS CONVECTIVOS DE MESOESCALA UTILIZANDO O MODELO WRF

The model Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) was used in order to simulate two Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) with different characteristics in order to analyze how variables such as wind directional shear and thickness gradient are modified within the MCSs along its entire duration. The first event is a linear MCS that extended from the north of Argentina to the South Atlantic in November 30, 2009 and the second is a circular MCS or MCC (mesoscale convective complex) that occurred on the RS and Uruguay on November 18, 2009. The two systems were identified through images of the satellite GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) using an automatic tracking of MCSs and for the simulation of events in WRF we used the data reanalysis of CFSR (Climate Forecast System Reanalysis). The simulation results indicated that the rate of reduction thickness gradient is greater in the circular case than in the linear case and at the time that events are initiated the wind directional shear is higher in the linear case but he reduces until the moment of dissipation of the MCS different than occurs in MCC, which has an increased wind directional shear when the system is almost dissipating.

Effects of the Asymmetry between Surface and Interior Flow on the Dynamics of a Thermohaline Loop

Large-scale overturning cells in the ocean typically combine an essentially horizontal surface branch and an interior branch below, where the circulation spans both horizontal and vertical scales. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of this asymmetry between the two branches by “folding” a one-dimensional thermohaline loop, such that its lower part remains vertical while its upper part is folded down into the horizontal plane. It is found that both the transitory response and the distribution of thermohaline properties are modified significantly when the loop is folded. In some cases, velocity oscillations are induced during the spinup that were not seen in the unfolded case. This is because a circular loop allows for compensations between the density torques produced above and below the heat forcing level, while such compensations are not possible in the folded loop because of the horizontal direction of the surface circulation. Furthermore, the dynamical effects associated with nonlinearities of the equation of state are significantly altered by the folding. Cabbeling tends to decelerate the flow in the folded loop, instead of accelerating it as in the circular case, and can also act to dampen velocity oscillations. Thermobaricity also alters the loop circulation, although comparatively less.

Higher order resonance stability of triangular libration points for radiating primaries in ER3BP

<p>The main aim of this paper is to study the existence of resonance and stability of the triangular equilibrium points in the framework of ER3BP when both the attracting bodies are sources of radiation at w₁=w₂, w₁=2w₂, w₁=3w₂ in both circular and elliptical cases .A practical application of this model could be seen in the case of binary systems ( Achird, Luyten, α Cen- AB, Kruger 60, Xi Bootis). The study is carried out both analytically and numerically by considering various values of radiation pressures and around binary systems .In both cases (CR3BP and ER3BP) it is found that w₁=w₂ corresponds to the boundary region of the stability for the system, whereas the other two cases w₁=2w₂, w₁=3w₂ correspond to the resonant cases. In order to investigate the stability, the Hamiltonian is normalized up to the fourth order by using linear canonical transformation of variables. Then KAM theorem is applied to investigate the stability for different values of radiation pressures in general and around the binary systems in particular. Finally, simulation technique is applied to study the correlation between radiation pressures and mass ratio in circular case; mass ratio and eccentricity in elliptical case. It is found that all the binary systems considered are stable. Also, it is found that except for some values of the radiation pressure parameters and for m&lt;=m_c =0.0385209 the triangular equilibrium points are stable.</p>