"Interior view of a hut ...": Stereography and the depiction of an Interior Architecture in 1930

This paper is an exploration of a stereographic photograph taken inside a New Zealand backcountry hut. Matter-of-factly entitled, "Interior view of a hut, with mugs, a bottle, plate and cutlery on a table, looking through door to another hut, location unidentified," the photograph is attributed by the Alexander Turnbull Library to keen amateur photographer Edgar Richard Williams. The image gives little detail away in its depiction of the hut interior, except for a utilitarian table tableau that begins to suggest a nascent New Zealand interior defined by no-nonsense pragmaticism and Lea & Perrins. But, far from being a scene of Depression-era poverty and deprivation, close examination of the photographed situation and its broader context provides a glimpse into a monied amateurism that heralded an emergent leisure class. As a stereoscopic image, the photograph does more than depict a scene. By placing us within a spatial view, we become immersed in questions concerning interiority and exteriority. We are presented with two spatial contrasts: one in the subject of the image, the other in the object of the image. By taking a close reading of both contrasts, this paper is an attempt to make some architectural sense of these dualities.

CONSUMERISM OF LEISURE CLASS IN SINGAPORE IN KEVIN KWAN’S CRAZY RICH ASIANS: A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH

This research entitled “Consumerism of Leisure Class in Singapore in Kevin Kwan’s Crazy Rich Asians: A Sociological Approach”. The purpose of this study is to analyze the leisure class reflected in Singapore in the novel Crazy Rich Asians. In addition, the aim of this research is to reveal the consumerism of leisure class in Crazy Rich Asians. This novel contained the aspect about the style of consumer in Singapore. This study used the mimetic approach by M.H. Abrams. The research used qualitative method to analyze the data. This study is used two main concepts of theory of leisure class by Thorstein Veblen, these are conspicuous leisure and conspicuous consumption. The research applied the data of Singaporeans leisure class in the book Understanding Singaporeans: Values, Lifestyle, Aspirations and Consumption Behaviours by Keng et al. This study also applied the concept of uniquely Singaporean mindset in the book entitled The Cult of the Luxury Brand: Inside Asia’s Love affair with Luxury by Chadha and Paul as a tool to analyze the consumerism of leisure class in the novel Crazy Rich Asians. In this study, the researcher found two main results. First, this study indicated conspicuous leisure as a signal of leisure class in Crazy Rich Asians based on seven leisure activities of Singaporean. They are sports, social, self-improvement, various charity, travel, home, and other activities. Second, the study discover the consumerism of leisure class in the novel Crazy Rich Asians and uniquely Singaporean mindset as a main result of consumerism of leisure class in Singapore reflected in the novel Crazy Rich Asians.

Defining the Product

This chapter explores how the objectives of the nascent holiday resort industry transformed in relation to dynamics of health, pleasure, and social class. It analyses the process of defining holiday as a product by drawing on source material from the different actors in the resort economy, including internal documents of the local corporations, resort publications, travel guides, railway advertising, vacationers’ accounts, and medical literature referring directly to holiday practices. It shows that the emotionally loaded encounter between different social classes at the resort was a core aspect of the shifting practices of holidaymaking from ‘taking the waters’ to commercial amusements, or from health to recreation. In order to comprehend these transformations, the chapter focuses on three watering-places that were among the most popular holiday destinations in Victorian and Edwardian Britain, but which differed in their characteristics: Harrogate—an aristocratic inland spa; Scarborough—a spa and seaside resort with mixed social clientele; and Blackpool—the exemplary working-class seaside town. The chapter concludes by pointing to the impact of the therapeutic rationalization of recreational activities on the resort industry, arguing that the notions of health and pleasure in the history of holidaymaking should not be addressed as opposites, but as interrelated concepts defined and valued within a wider context, namely the relation between leisure, class, gender, scientific expertise, and emotion knowledge.

Pemaknaan Nongkrong bagi Mahasiswa Yogyakarta

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui latar belakang kegiatan nongkrong yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa serta pemaknaan nongkrong bagi mahasiswa Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis fenomenologi, dengan teknik pengumpulan data observasi dan wawancara menggunakan teori leisure class. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam melaksanakan kegiatan nongkrong, mahasiswa dilatarbelakangi oleh beberapa faktor, diantaranya menjalin silaturahmi, berbagi pengalaman, mencari inspirasi, produktivitas, dan sarana rekreasi. Sedangkan kegiatan nongkrong menurut mahasiswa Yogyakarta memiliki beberapa pemaknaan, diantaranya sebagai sarana self-healing dan sebagai sarana belajar. Banyak mahasiswa yang memaknai kegiatan nongkrong ini sesuai dengan realitas dirinya dan esensinya. Namun disamping itu terdapat beberapa kasus yang memaknai kegiatan nongkrong hanya karena tren saja, dan untuk memperoleh pengakuan sosial dari orang lain mengenai dirinya, yang kemudian disebut dengan poser, yang kemudian disebut leisure class. Namun tidak melulu soal leisure class, sebagian mahasiswa memaknai waktu luangnya sebagai waktu, aktivitas, dan suasana hati atau mental yang positif.

O INDIVÍDUO SOCIALMENTE FALHO: UM ENSAIO BASEADO EM VEBLEN E BAUMAN

Resumo: O ensaio revisita os livros A Teoria da Classe Ociosa (originalmente publicado em 1899), de Thorstein Veblen, e Modernidade Líquida, de Zygmunt Bauman, publicado pela primeira vez em 1999, os quais, embora separados por um século de história humana, observam as experiências sociais de seus respectivos tempos com constructos muito assemelhados. O ensaio assume que Veblen descreve efeitos da modernidade que emerge no fim do século XIX, ao passo que Bauman explicita a pós-modernidade do século XXI (à qual chama de Modernidade Líquida) e, com base nos autores, reflete sobre o indivíduo, as motivações de consumo, a demanda por crédito, o endividamento e outras categorias por eles tratadas, para apresentar um novo ator: o “consumidor falho” ou, como aqui chamado, o “indivíduo socialmente falho”.Palavras-chave: Consumo. Endividamento. Emulação pecuniária. Modernidade líquida. Abstract: The essay revisits the books The Theory of the Leisure Class (originally published in 1899) by Thorstein Veblen and Liquid Modernity by Zygmunt Bauman first published in 1999 that, although separated by a century of human history, observe social experiences from their respective times with very similar constructs. The essay assumes that Veblen describes the effects of modernity that emerged at the end of the 19th century, while Bauman explains the post-modernity of the 21st century (which he calls Liquid Modernity) and, based on the authors, reflects on the individual, the motivations consumption, the demand for credit, indebtedness and other categories treated by them, to present a new actor: the 'flawed consumers' or, how we conceptualize, a “socially flawed individual”.Keywords: Consumption. Indebtedness. Pecuniary emulation. Liquid modernity.

Lower-middle-class Domestic Leisure in Woman’s Weekly, 1930

Eleanor Reed explores the status of domestic leisure in issues of Woman’s Weekly during 1930 when many middle-class housewives looked to labour-saving technologies to produce status-defining domestic leisure. Woman’s Weekly initiates and reflects the aspirations and anxieties of a readership eager to cement its position in an expanding, diversifying and competitive middle class. The magazine’s lower-middle-class distinctiveness emerges through comparison to Good Housekeeping, a glossy domestic monthly targeting middle-class housewives with larger budgets. Rather than following Pierre Bourdieu and others in portraying lower-middle-class culture as an inauthentic copy of leisure-class culture, this essay argues that Woman’s Weekly contributes to the production of an ideologically distinctive lower-middle-class domestic culture in which its readers can take pride. This culture is problematized however by its suspected source in the magazine’s unknown producers, some of whom were men; a circumstance alluded to in Stevie Smith’s 1936 Novel on Yellow Paper.

Pamer Kemewahan: Kajian Teori Konsumsi Thorstein Veblen

This article aims to discuss Thorstein Veblen's perspective about the behavior of waste or excessive consumption by the leisure class. This article uses the library research to understanding the perspective of Veblen's theory of consumption. We review Veblen's work, The Theory of the Leisure Class, as the main note complemented by relevant books and journals to support this study. The leisure class in this regard act deliberately to display their wealth. The newly rich group flaunted the luxury of their life with a motive to accommodate their desire for social respect and social status. The leisure class realizes their social actions through conspicuous leisure time consumption and conspicuous consumption of goods characterized by imitative and emulative behavior among the actors involved in it. The conspicuous consumption behavior produces élite taste which in turn has a social impact that affects the class behavior of the lower strata.AbstrakArtikel ini bertujuan untuk mendiskusikan sudut pandang Thorstein Veblen dalam melihat perilaku konsumsi berlebihan yang dilakukan oleh kelas sosial tertentu dalam masyarakat. Studi ini menggunakan metode kajian pustaka dalam memahami perspektif teori konsumsi Veblen. Data dalam artikel ini bersumber dari karya-larya Veblen sendiri, The Theory of the Leisure Class, serta buku-buku dan jurnal-jurnal yang relevan dalam mendukung artikel ini. Perilaku ini rupanya lahir dari sebuah konteks sosial dimana kelompok orang kaya baru mencoba mengakomodasi hasrat mereka akan penghargaan sosial dan status sosial. Hal ini diwujudkan melalui konsumsi waktu luang mencolok dan konsumsi barang mencolok yang ditandai dengan perilaku imitatif dan emulatif diantara aktor-aktor yang terlibat di dalamnya. Perilaku konsumsi mencolok menghasilkan selera elite yang selanjutnya meluas dan berdampak secara sosial dimana mempengaruhi perilaku kelas dari strata yang lebih rendah