Cut-Off Values in the Prediction of Success in Olympic Distance Triathlon

Cut-off points and performance-related tools are needed for the development of the Olympic distance triathlon. The purposes of the present study were (i) to determine cut-off values to reach the top three positions in an Olympic distance triathlon; (ii) to identify which discipline present the highest influence on overall race performance and if it has changed over the decades. Data from 1989 to 2019 (n = 52,027) from all who have competed in an official Olympic distance triathlon events (World Triathlon Series and Olympics) were included. The cut-off value to achieve a top three position was calculated. Linear regressions were applied for performance trends overall and for the top three positions of each race. Men had cut-off values of: swimming = 19.5 min; cycling = 60.7 min; running = 34.1 min. Women’s cut-off values were: swimming = 20.7 min; cycling = 71.6 min; running = 38.1 min. The running split seemed to be the most influential in overall race time regardless of rank position or sex. In conclusion, cut-offs were established, which can increase the chances of achieving a successful rank position in an Olympic triathlon. Cycling is the discipline with the least influence on overall performance for both men and women in the Olympic distance triathlon. This influence pattern has not changed in the last three decades.

Final year M.Pharm. student views and performance in objective structure clinical examinations

Introduction: Objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) are widely used as a competency-based assessment of clinical skills within M.Pharm. programmes of many United Kingdom (UK) pharmacy schools. Aim: To evaluate the clinical performance of final year M.Pharm. students and elicit their views and experiences of the OSCE assessment. Methods: Students were divided into 11 groups and completed an OSCE exam, comprising 11 stations of seven minutes in length, following a four-day placement in clinical practice. Students were asked to complete an acceptability questionnaire, and their OSCE performance was correlated with their final degree classification and their Oriel rank position. Results: Overall, the OSCE assessment is acceptable from the students’ perspective. Differences were found between the students’ performances at the individual OSCE stations. Students performed best on patient consultation stations and least on clinical-problem solving stations. There was no correlation between students OSCE marks and their Oriel rank position. There was however a strong correlation between the students OSCE mark and their final degree classification (r=0.528, n=119, p=0.000). Conclusion: Final year pharmacy undergraduates perform poorly in activities which demand an element of clinical problem identification. Further research is required on how clinical problem solving skills can be developed amongst undergraduates and the specific role placements have in achieving this.

PERHITUNGAN EFEKTIFITAS LINTASAN PRODUKSI MENGGUNAKAN METODE LINE BALANCING

: This study aims to determine how effective and efficient the production line and calculate the optimal time to process a candy product. The data was measured by stopwatch, then tested for uniformity and adequacy to obtain a value to do line balancing analysis using the Killbridge and Wester methods and Rank Position Weight, then performance of the initial line is compared with the results of analysis. The results of analysis using both line balancing methods, show that line efficiency were 76.1%, increasing by 43.1% from the efficiency of the initial line by 33%. The result of the balance delay (BD) calculation is 23.92% decreased by 53%, and the smoothness index 17.79 fell by 74.98 from the initial line which means that the proposed production line are more efficient than the initial line. The optimum time needed for production start from sugar tipping to the packaging are 91,29 minutes.Keywords: line balancing; line efficiency; Killberg & Wester; Rank Position WeightAbstrak : Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa efektif dan efisien lintasan produksi yang digunakan pada proses produksi permen, serta menghitung waktu optimal yang dibutuhkan dalam produksi. Pengambilan data primer dilakukan dengan metode pengukuran langsung menggunakan jam henti yang selanjutnya diuji keseragaman, dan kecukupan datanya sehingga diperoleh sebuah nilai untuk kemudian dilakukan analisis keseimbangan lini dengan menggunakan metode Killbridge dan Wester dan Rank Position Weight. Selanjutnya performansi lintasan awal dibandingkan dengan hasil analisis keseimbangan lini. Dari hasil analisis menggunakan kedua metode line balancing tersebut diperoleh hasil efisiensi lini sebesar 76,1%, meningkat sebesar 43,1% dari efisiensi keadaan lintasan awal sebesar 33%. Hasil perhitungan balance delay (BD) adalah sebesar 23,92% turun 53% dari kondisi awal; dan smoothness index 17,79 turun sebesar 74,98 yang artinya hasil analisis lintasan usulan lebih efisien dibandingkan dengan keadaan lintasan awal. Hasil analisis waktu optimum yang dibutuhkan untuk produksi mulai dari tipping gula sampai proses pengemasan adalah 91,29 menit.Kata kunci: efisiensi lini produksi, keseimbangan lintasan; Killberg & Wester; Rank Position Weight

Penerapan Line Balancing Menggunakan Metode Ranked Position Weight (RPW) untuk Meningkatkan Output Produksi pada Home Industri Pembuatan Sepatu Bola

Penelitian ini dilakukan di UD Terus Maju sebuah industri rumah tangga yang bergerak di bidang manufaktur pembuatan sepatu olahraga. Dalam proses pembuatan sepatu terdapat suatu lintasan produksi yang terdiri dari beberapa area kerja. Terlihat adanya lintasan produksi yang tidak seimbang. Hal ini menyebabkan menganggurnya mesin dan tenaga kerja di satu pihak dan sibuknya mesin dan pekerja dipihak lain. Oleh sebab itu metode penelitian ini menggunakan line balancing untuk menyeimbangkan beban kerja di setiap lintasan. Upaya tersebut diharapkan mampu menyeimbangkan operasi antar stasiun kerja, dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan waktu operasi yang sesuai dan mencapai output produksi yang maksimal. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap suatu permasalahan yang ada, dengan tujuan untuk memperoleh hasil yang lebih baik dari sebelumnya. Dalam mengatur lintasan produksi yang seimbang pada pengolahan dan analisa kali ini menerapkan metode heuristic Rank Position Weight (RPW) memperoleh hasil dengan waktu siklus 10,88 detik dalam 5 stasiun kerja yang mampu mengurangi waktu delay 56,25% dari kondisi awal. Sehingga efesinsi sistem meningkat dari 39, 8% menjadi 96, 05 % karena adanya penurunan dari waktu menganggu. Dengan efisiensi sistem meningkat, maka output produksi yang didapatkan juga ikut meningkat 100% dari 22 pasang/hari menjadi 44 pasang/hari.

Aphid migrant activity in refuge habitats of the Wielkopolska agricultural landscape

Refuge habitats have a stabilising effect on the entomofauna in the agricultural landscape. The objective of this research was to follow the migrant activity of aphids in two types of refuge habitats: shrubs and roadsides of rural areas. Moericke traps method were used for testing the seasonal activity of aphids. The dynamics of species numbers were assessed, and the phenology of the dominating taxa was examined. From 2008 to 2010, more than 5,000 winged aphids from 94 species were caught in shrub habitats, and 83 species were caught in rural roadside habitats. The characteristics of aphid groups were defined on the basis of selected indicators. Annually, in both locations, flight activity was shown by a group of several taxa. The rank position of the species was varied in the particular sites and years of the research. Species participation differed when analysing aphid flights, so the seasons were divided into three separate periods: spring, summer, and autumn

PREFERENSI MUSIK DI KALANGAN REMAJA

The main purpose of this study is to understand the interest trend of music preference among youths as well as to analyse factors that influence the trend. Although qualitative method was used, this study utilized questioner for its data collecting technique. The collected data was analyzed to gather respondents’s point of views and answers concerning music that they like. This study conclude that music interest trend among youth is mostly to popular music. Although the music has taken the highest rank position, its supporters are not only listen to their main preference but also other musical styles. Youths’s tendency to choose popular music have been based on several factors such as, the objective value of the music, the capability of the music to represent conditions that are experienced by them, as well as musical meaning among the youths. Keywords: Music preference, popular music, youths